Malingered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the Effect of Direct Versus Indirect Trauma Exposure on Symptom Profiles and Detectability

Szogi, Elizabeth; Sullivan, Karen A.

doi:10.1007/s12207-018-9315-0

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Bokszczanin, 2002;Sakuma et al, 2015;Steel et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2015;Zhen et al, 2016). It suggested that the severity of traumatic exposure is an important factor influencing PTSD (Zhang et al, 2012;Rzeszutek, Oniszczenko, Schier, Biernat-Kaluza, & Gasik, 2016) including incidence, severity, and symptom manifestation (Lowell et al, 2018;Szogi & Sullivan, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Traumatic Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Flood Victims: Roles of Fear and Self-Disclosure

Zhou

Hou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most prevalent psychopathologies experienced by victims following natural disasters. The severity of traumatic experience may be a critical risk factor for the development of PTSD. Nevertheless, other factors may also lead to PTSD. We propose that fear and self-disclosure could be two important factors. Previous studies have examined their unique roles in PTSD, but their combined role in PTSD has been rarely assessed. To fill this gap, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between severity of traumatic exposure, fear, self-disclosure, and PTSD among victims following flood disaster. Methods: one hundred ninety-nine participants completed self-report questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS 17.0 and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to obtain correlations between major variables. Results: results indicated that severity of traumatic exposure not only had a direct effect on PTSD, but also it had an indirect effect on PTSD via activating victims’ fear. Moreover, self-disclosure played a buffering role between fear and PTSD. However, the role of fear in PTSD may decrease with increases in levels of self-disclosure. Conclusions: Traumatic exposure had positive predictive effects for PTSD and fear. Self-disclosure had negative predictive effects for PTSD. Fear played a mediating role between severity of traumatic exposure and PTSD, self-disclosure played a moderating role in the relationship between fear and PTSD. Psychological interventions should focus on the regulation of fear and improvement of self-disclosure following traumatic exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Traumatic Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Flood Victims: Roles of Fear and Self-Disclosure

Zhou

Hou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…People who endorse such items above a proposed threshold score (e.g., 16, Smith & Burger, ) are believed to be over‐reporting, and thus, their reports should be viewed with some scepticism. Furthermore, recently a study showed that the tendency to overendorse SIMS items is even more pronounced among people fabricating direct traumatic exposure than indirect aversive experience (Szogi & Sullivan, ). However, these atypical items are often obvious to the examinees, a shortcoming that diminishes the reliability of SIMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verify the scene, report the symptoms: Testing the Verifiability Approach and SRSI in the detection of fabricated PTSD claims

Bošković

Dibbets

Bogaard

et al. 2019

Legal Criminol Psychol

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Purpose In order to effectively feign post‐traumatic stress disorder, a person needs to confabulate an exposure narrative and to fabricate symptoms of high distress. The Verifiability Approach (VA) is a lie‐detection method based on the notion that truth tellers’ narratives include more verifiable (checkable) information than liars’ narratives. The Self‐Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) is a measure of over‐reporting, and it includes genuine symptoms and pseudosymptoms that are likely to be endorsed in fabricated symptom reports. In this study, we examined whether the VA can help discriminate the fabricated exposure narratives, and whether the SRSI can aid screening for symptom over‐reporting. Method One group of participants (truth tellers) witnessed a vehicle crash scene using the Virtual Reality paradigm (n = 22), while the other group (feigners) was instructed to fabricate such an experience (n = 46). All the participants wrote the exposure narratives and completed the SRSI. Results Feigners produced non‐verifiable (vague) and lengthier narratives than truth tellers, who reported a higher proportion of checkable information. Regarding the symptom reports, feigners endorsed more of trauma‐related genuine symptoms and pseudosymptoms than truth tellers. Conclusion The non‐verifiable details and the proportion of verifiable details, together with the SRSI subscales, can assist explaining the reporting strategies of those feigning negative exposures.

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“…One possible explanation for the association between issue salience and PTSD symptoms, is that each WPV issue is a potential traumatic incident that causes individual emotional exhaustion and thus leads to PTSD symptoms ( Maguen et al, 2009 ). Apart from direct exposure to WPV, it was thought that indirect trauma, such as exposed to WPV information, can be a trigger for PTSD symptoms ( Szogi and Sullivan, 2018 ). Similar to other individuals threatened by WPV issues, healthcare professionals tended to acquire WPV-related information through social networks and media, internalize the information into empathetic emotions, and generate cognitive and emotional alternatives, namely, feeling as if they were the victim themselves ( Regehr et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health problems among healthcare professionals following the workplace violence issue-mediating effect of risk perception

Zhong

Liu²,

Luan³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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Although there have been numerous studies on mental wellbeing impairment or other negative consequences of Workplace Violence (WPV) against healthcare professionals, however, the effects of WPV are not limited to those who experience WPV in person, but those who exposed to WPV information indirectly. In the aftermath of “death of Dr. Yang Wen,” a cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the psychological status of healthcare professionals. A total of 965 healthcare professionals from 32 provinces in China participated in our research. The prevalence rates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, anxiety among healthcare professional in the current study were 25.60, 46.01, and 27.88%, respectively. Moreover, our research suggested that the awareness of WPV-incident had a significant association with PTSD symptoms. In addition, risk perception was shown to mediate the effect of WPV awareness on PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, the present research also found a U-shaped relationship between issue salience and PTSD symptoms, and the relationship between issue salience and anxiety, indicating that higher awareness of WPV issue was negatively related to mental health status (including PTSD and anxiety) but only to the points at which there were no additional effects of more issue salience. This study highlighted that more protective measures for healthcare professionals need to be implemented in response to potential WPV events. More importantly, risk perception was found to mediate the effect of WPV issue salience on PTSD symptoms, it is critical to reduce the mental health burden through intervening in risk perception.

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Malingered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the Effect of Direct Versus Indirect Trauma Exposure on Symptom Profiles and Detectability

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Relationship between Traumatic Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Flood Victims: Roles of Fear and Self-Disclosure

Relationship between Traumatic Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Flood Victims: Roles of Fear and Self-Disclosure

Verify the scene, report the symptoms: Testing the Verifiability Approach and SRSI in the detection of fabricated PTSD claims

Mental health problems among healthcare professionals following the workplace violence issue-mediating effect of risk perception

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