Malignant tumours of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts

Association between gallstones and the risk of biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…One hypothesis suggests that gallstones dropped down from the upstream biliary tract might result in chronic inflammation of the bile duct epithelium as underlying conditions for tumor development. That is, gallstones could lead to EBDC, causing inflammation of the bile duct wall [11]. In addition, approximately 35% of patients with stones develop complications such as cholecystitis or cholangitis [50] Our meta-analysis results are not contradictory to either of these hypotheses.…”

“…BTC could arise as a result of chronic inflammation associated with gallstones continuously irritating the gallbladder and bile duct [9]. While gallstones are common conditions among the population [10], BTC rarely occurs, and most people with gallstones never end up developing cancer [11,12]. However, a significant number of BTC patients have gallstones [13], which leaves room for further investigations on the association between gallstones and the risk of BTC.…”

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

“…One of them refers to chronic inflammation caused by cholelithiasis or chronic cholecystitis, which could induce intestinal and/or gastric metaplasia of the gallbladder, resulting in dysplasia and malignant transformation [12,13]. Not all neuroendocrine carcinomas are accompanied by cholelithiasis, but 74%-92% of patients with gallbladder carcinoma and the majority of patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma present with cholelithiasis [4].…”

“…They occur more frequently in elderly women [3]. The diagnosis is frequently made after cholecystectomy in a patient with a history of cholelithiasis [4]. The main treatment is surgery and depending on the stage of the tumor, adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended [5,6].…”

Cholangiocarcinoma – new concepts and classifications

“…4 This article is concerned with intrahepatic and perihilar CC; carcinoma of extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder has been the topic of a previous volume of Diagnostic Histopathology. 5 Epidemiology An increase in CC in Western countries has been reported 6e9 ; this is probably of intrahepatic CC, 6 while extrahepatic CC is decreasing. Our local cancer registry incidence suggests that there is now greater diagnostic precision in distinguishing primary from metastatic adenocarcinoma in the liver over several decades (Figure 1).…”