Malignant thymoma with extrathoracic metastasis: A case report and review of literature

Jose, Baby; Yu, Dmrt Anthony T.; Morgan, Thomas F.; Glicksman, Arvin S.

doi:10.1002/jso.2930150310

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[10, 12–15] Other extrathoracic sites in thymoma have been reported in the literature, including 3 patients who had brain and liver metastases. [1, 16] The one thymoma patient with a lung metastasis originally presented with what is considered a low-grade histologic subtype (WHO A), serving as a cautionary tale that no patient with a thymic tumor is immune from the potential for distant spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of patterns of relapse in thymic carcinoma and thymoma

Huang

Rizk

Travis

et al. 2009

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

118

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Objective Thymic carcinomas (TC) are considered to be more aggressive than thymomas and carry a worse prognosis. We reviewed our recent experience with the surgical management of thymic tumors and compared the outcomes and patterns of relapse between TC and thymoma. Methods Single institution retrospective cohort study. Data included patient demographics, stage, treatment, pathologic findings, and postoperative outcomes. Results During the period 1995–2006, 120 patients with thymic tumors underwent surgery, including 23 patients with TC and 97 patients with thymoma by the WHO 2004 histologic classification. The overall 5 year survival was significantly different between TC and thymoma (TC 53%, thymoma 89%, p=0.01). Data on relapse was available for 112 patients. The progression-free 5 year survival was also significantly different between TC and thymoma (TC 36%, thymoma 75%, p<0.01). By multivariate analysis, thymic carcinoma and incomplete resection were found to be independent predictors of progression-free survival. Relapses in TC tended to occur earlier, and occurred signficantly more frequently at distant sites than in thymoma (60% vs. 13%, p=0.01). Conclusions Patterns of relapse differ significantly between TC and thymoma with lower progression-free survival, earlier onset and more distant relapses in TC. Given the greater propensity for distant failures, the inclusion of systemic therapy in the treatment of TC may take on greater importance. Despite significantly higher rates of distant relapse, good overall survival in TC can be achieved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of patterns of relapse in thymic carcinoma and thymoma

Huang

Rizk

Travis

et al. 2009

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

118

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show abstract

“…[10,[12][13][14][15] Other extrathoracic sites in thymoma have been reported in the literature, including 3 patients who had brain and liver metastases. [1,16] The one thymoma patient with a lung metastasis originally presented with what is considered a low-grade histologic subtype (WHO A), serving as a cautionary tale that no patient with a thymic tumor is immune from the potential for distant spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of patterns of relapse in thymic carcinoma and thymoma

Huang¹,

Rizk²,

Travis³

et al. 2008

JCO

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Objective-Thymic carcinomas (TC) are considered to be more aggressive than thymomas and carry a worse prognosis. We reviewed our recent experience with the surgical management of thymic tumors and compared the outcomes and patterns of relapse between TC and thymoma.Methods-Single institution retrospective cohort study. Data included patient demographics, stage, treatment, pathologic findings, and postoperative outcomes.Results-During the period 1995-2006, 120 patients with thymic tumors underwent surgery, including 23 patients with TC and 97 patients with thymoma by the WHO 2004 histologic classification. The overall 5 year survival was significantly different between TC and thymoma (TC 53%, thymoma 89%, p=0.01). Data on relapse was available for 112 patients. The progression-free 5 year survival was also significantly different between TC and thymoma (TC 36%, thymoma 75%, p<0.01). By multivariate analysis, thymic carcinoma and incomplete resection were found to be independent predictors of progression-free survival. Relapses in TC tended to occur earlier, and occurred signficantly more frequently at distant sites than in thymoma (60% vs. 13%, p=0.01).Conclusions-Patterns of relapse differ significantly between TC and thymoma with lower progression-free survival, earlier onset and more distant relapses in TC. Given the greater propensity for distant failures, the inclusion of systemic therapy in the treatment of TC may take on greater importance. Despite significantly higher rates of distant relapse, good overall survival in TC can be achieved.

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“…19 Metastasis of thymoma to the central nervous system is rare. 3,4,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Metastasis of thymoma to the pituitary gland is extremely rare. One autopsied case 3 and one case symptomatic pituitary metastasis of malignant thymoma have been described in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%