Malignant pilomatrixoma of the scalp

Pilomatrix Carcinoma with Lymph Node and Pulmonary Metastases

“…Gould et al [5] 1984 Lungs Mir et al [23] 1986 Lungs and axillary lymph nodes Tateyama et al [36] 1992 Inguinal lymph nodes O'Donovan et al [28] 1993 Superior pubic ramus Hanly et al [8] 1994 Lungs Mack et al [15] 1994 Lungs and inguinal lymph nodes Monchy et al [25] 1995 Submandibular lymph nodes Niedermeyer et al [27] 1996 Lungs and brain Li et al [13] 1997 Liver Bremnes et al [2] 1999 Cervical lymph nodes, lungs and thoracic spine De Galvez-Aranda et al [3] 2002 Lungs and inguinal lymph nodes Stern et al [35] 2004 Axillary lymph nodes Current case 2006 Lungs and inguinal, cervical and paraaortic lymph nodes 5 months later, the patient presented with a fast-growing local relapse on the primary tumor site at the right upper shank. MRI of the area showed a 2.2 cm × 2.1 cm × 2.5 cm large tumor, which displaced the vascular structures but did not infiltrate muscles or bones ( Figure 3).…”

“…The main diagnostic difficulty is to distinguish PC from pilomatrixoma, and immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry have failed to differentiate the malignant form from its more common benign counterpart [14,19,21,25,31,36].…”

Pilomatrix Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…It is uncertain whether PC develops de novo or whether it is a malignant transformation of an existing pilomatrixoma [3,4,12]. The literature notes cases of patients in whom a biopsy specimen first identified the tumor as a benign lesion that later underwent carcinomatous changes, such as in our patient [4].…”

“…The major clinical problem may be in distinguishing this rare malignant tumor from the more frequent benign pilomatrixomas [8]. In addition to pilomatrixoma, the histologic differential diagnosis of PC also includes lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, tricoepithelioma, and mixed tumors of the skin [4,12]. Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses have been tried in the past to help differentiate pilomatrix carcinomas from its benign counterpart [1,8].…”

CASE REPORT Concurrent pilomatrix carcinoma and giant pilomatrixoma

“…In 1993, a series of 20 patients with pilomatrix carcinoma was reported and 23 other patients in the literature were reviewed 4 . There are a further 36 cases in the world literature 5,9–40 . It has been disputed whether these 79 reported cases are all true carcinomas and some may be benign pilomatrixomas with atypical histology or behaviour 6 .…”