Malignant pilomatricoma of the cheek in an infant

Kim, Yang Seok; Na, Young Cheon; Huh, Woo Hoe; Kim, Ji Min

doi:10.7181/acfs.2018.02138

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…These surgical procedures should be carefully approached to avoid injury to the facial nerve or sensory nerve branches of the face. After tumor removal in the giant pilomatrixoma, the defective skin should be reconstructed with a flap [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical analysis and review of literature on pilomatrixoma in pediatric patients

Yoo

Kwon

et al. 2020

Arch Craniofac Surg

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Background: Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumor that originates from the hair follicle matrix. It usually presents as a hard, slow growing, solitary mass that can be easily misdiagnosed as other skin masses. The aim of this study was to clinically analyze a case series of pilomatrixoma in pediatric patients from Korea. Methods: A total of 165 pediatric patients from 2011 to 2018 with a histological diagnosis of pilomatrixoma were included. A retrospective review was performed using the electronic medical records, including patient demographics, number and location of the mass, clinical and imaging presentation, and postoperative outcomes. Results: There were 61 male and 104 female patients with 152 solitary and 13 multiple pilomatrixomas. Among solitary pilomatrixomas, the lesion commonly occurred in the head and neck (84.2%), followed by upper limbs (11.2%), lower limbs (3.3%), and trunk (1.3%). The pilomatrixoma lesion presented as the following types based on our clinical classification: mass (56.02%), pigmentation (25.31%), mixed (12.65%), ulceration (4.82%), and keloid-like (1.2%). Ultrasonography showed a high positive predictive value (95.56%). There were no specific complications observed except for two cases of recurrence. Conclusion: Pilomatrixoma has various clinical feature presentations and commonly occurs in the head and neck. Ultrasonography is a helpful diagnostic tool. Surgical removal of the lesion is the main treatment method with a low recurrence rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical analysis and review of literature on pilomatrixoma in pediatric patients

Yoo

Kwon

et al. 2020

Arch Craniofac Surg

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“…5 Although no histologic criteria have been established for the diagnosis of malignant pilomatricomas, these tumors exhibit characteristics such as high mitotic counts, cellular atypia, local invasion, ulceration, variably sized basaloid cell aggregations with pleomorphism, and desmoplasia on microscopy. 5,6 Although ulceration and nodules of irregular basaloid cells existed in this case, we did not observe any infiltrative growth pattern, desmoplastic stroma, pleomorphic cells, atypical mitosis, or lymphovascular invasion. Lobulated islands of basaloid cells and the transition to amorphous necrosis are hallmarks of pilomatricoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…However, there is no consensus regarding the precise safety margin, which differs substantially among surgeons, ranging from 5 mm to 2 cm. 3,5,6 Since there was a likelihood of the tumor being a malignant pilomatricoma, we excised the tumor with a safety margin of 2 cm. Regional lymph node dissection is necessary if there is lymph node metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Giant Pilomatricoma Mistaken for a Malignant Tumor

Choi¹,

Oh²,

Kim³

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Pilomatricomas are tumors originating from the matrices of hair follicles. Giant pilomatricomas, defined as pilomatricomas that are 5 cm or larger, are benign but may appear malignant clinically. We present the case of a 69-year-old man with a rapidly growing mass on his scalp. When he visited our department, the tumor measured 10.0×6.0×4.0 cm and showed inflammation and ulceration. Magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed findings resembling lymph node metastasis from a malignant tumor. However, upon an incisional biopsy, the tumor was diagnosed as a pilomatricoma. Therefore, we performed an excisional biopsy instead of radical surgery and lymph node dissection. The tumor was ultimately diagnosed as a giant pilomatricoma based on the excisional biopsy, and the patient received reconstruction only at the site of the defect. A giant pilomatricoma can be mistaken for a malignant tumor due to its characteristics. In such uncertain cases, it can be helpful to first perform an excisional biopsy.

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“…4 There is only one case report by Kim et al who reported pilomatrix carcinoma in an 8 months old infant who presented with a 3-month history of an erythematous nodule in his right cheek. 5 In 1997 Kaddu et al retrospectively evaluated pilomatrixoma and found unusual histological features not typical for a benign pilomatrixoma. They referred to these cases as proliferating pilomatrixoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilomatrix Carcinoma in a 4-Year Old Child With an Unusual Presentation

Hania

Yaqoob²,

Muhammad³

et al. 2022

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad

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Pilomatrix carcinoma is a rare, locally aggressive variant of pilomatrixoma with a high rate of recurrence and risk of distant metastasis. We report an unusual presentation of a pilomatrix carcinoma in a 4-year-old male child who presented with recurrent lesions on his left cheek. At the age of 1 month of life, he presented with a soft tissue swelling on his left cheek. The lesion showed a circumscribed proliferation of basaloid cells with central areas of eosinophilic ghost shadow cells and intermediate cells. Basaloid nests showed round to oval, hyperchromatic nuclei with open nuclear chromatin, prominent nucleoli and frequent mitoses but no marked nuclear pleomorphism or infiltration was identified. The lesion recurred twice at the same site. Both recurrences showed similar morphology as the primary tumor however there were extensive areas of stromal necrosis, infiltrating edges, frequent mitoses with atypical forms, and lymphovascular invasion. There was no marked nuclear pleomorphism. Morphological features favored a diagnosis of pilomatrix carcinoma. The child is still on follow-up and no recurrence has been identified to date. Pilomatric carcinoma is rarely reported in infants. Due to its rarity, aggressive histological features may be missed.

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Malignant pilomatricoma of the cheek in an infant

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Clinical analysis and review of literature on pilomatrixoma in pediatric patients

Clinical analysis and review of literature on pilomatrixoma in pediatric patients

Giant Pilomatricoma Mistaken for a Malignant Tumor

Pilomatrix Carcinoma in a 4-Year Old Child With an Unusual Presentation

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