Malignant pheochromocytoma, still a therapeutic challenge

cDNA microarray analysis assists in diagnosis of malignant intrarenal pheochromocytoma originally masquerading as a renal cell carcinoma

“…Combination chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dacarbazine or of these three agents with doxorubicin have also been reported as effective in treating malignant pheochromocytoma. [15][16][17] After providing these treatment options to the patient, he decided to undergo external beam radiotherapy for his para-aortic tumours. He has experienced a partial response (25% reduction in size to the radiotherapy), and continues under follow up.…”

Radiotherapy for urinary bladder pheochromocytoma with invasion of the prostate: A case report and literature review

“…Previous studies considered that radiotherapy was ineffective as a primary therapy and did not prevent local recurrence. However, radiotherapy achieved control of lymph node and bone metastases (17)(18)(19). Cystectomy and prostatectomy was considered to be the preferred treatment in the present case.…”

Treatment of malignant phaeochromocytoma with a combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dacarbazine: own experience and overview of the contemporary literature

“…By limiting our search to human studies published in English, a substantial number of publications had to be excluded due to foreign language. Other studies had methodological differences with respect to the particular drugs applied or provided limited imaging data on tumour response; the remaining articles are shown in Table . Apart from the more recent study by Ayala‐Ramirez et al ., it has to be pointed out that the cohorts of these reports were rather small, with a maximum of 18 patients in one study and <60 patients in total.…”