Malignant Phaeochromocytoma of the Bladder

Moloney, G. E.; Cowdell, R. H.; Lewis, Charles Lee

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1966.tb09736.x

Cited by 41 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Cure can be achieved by partial cystectomy with removal of the tumour. Malignant changes have been reported in 3 cases (Pugh et al, 1960;Higgins and Tresidder, 1966;Moloney, Cowdell and Lewis, 1966). In our present case the phaeochromocytoma is benign and the prognosis of the patient will largely depend on the subsequent behaviour of the co-existing transitional cell carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Asymptomatic Phaeochromocytoma of the Bladder Co‐existing with Carcinoma

Leong

Wong

Saw

1976

British Journal of Urology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Asymptomatic Phaeochromocytoma of the Bladder Co‐existing with Carcinoma

Leong

Wong

Saw

1976

British Journal of Urology

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“…To our knowledge, less than 20 cases of malignant paraganglioma of the urinary bladder have been reported 2–21. In this series, 19% of cases were malignant paraganglioma (Table 1, Cases 6, 9, and 16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The first case of paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma) of the urinary bladder was reported by Zimmerman et al in 1953 1. The authors indicated that “its (paraganglioma) obvious capacity to invade justified its classification as a malignant tumor, and yet the absence of mitoses and lack of cellular dissociation suggest a relatively benign course.”1 Since then, isolated case reports of malignant paraganglioma of the urinary bladder have appeared in the literature published in English 2–21. It is difficult to predict the biologic behavior of paraganglioma on morphologic grounds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder

Liu

Leibovich

Cheville

et al. 2000

Cancer

109

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BACKGROUND Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder is rarely encountered and its biologic behavior is uncertain. The authors sought to determine the prognostic factors that would predict patient outcome. METHODS The Mayo Clinic experience over 53 years with paraganglioma of the bladder was reviewed. All histologic slides from 16 patients were reviewed by the authors. Eight cases were examined immunohistochemically with cytokeratin (AE1/3, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 20), vimentin, S‐100 protein, neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin, and neuron specific enolase), p53 protein, and MIB‐1. DNA ploidy was determined by digital image analysis in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. The mean follow‐up was 6.3 years (range, 0.4–16.4 years). RESULTS Paraganglioma usually occurred in young adult women (mean age, 45 years; range, 16–74 years). The male‐to‐female ratio was 1 to 3. The common symptoms and signs were hypertension and hematuria. The tumors were usually located intramurally in the lateral and posterior wall of the bladder and were multifocal in 3 cases (18%). Seven patients were treated by transurethral resection, eight by partial cystectomy, and one by radical cystectomy. T classification was T1 (1 patient), T2 (9 patients), T3 (2 patients), and T4b (4 patients). At the time of diagnosis, one patient had distant metastasis and one had regional lymph node metastasis. One patient developed metastasis 1 year after diagnosis and died of the disease 1.5 years later. None of the patients with T1 or T2 tumors had recurrence or tumor progression. All tumors were aneuploid. The mean MIB‐1 labeling index was 1.5% (range, 0.03–7.0%). The tumor cells displayed immunoreactivity for S‐100 protein and neuroendocrine markers and were negative for p53 (except 1 case) and cytokeratin. CONCLUSIONS Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder occurs mostly in young adult women. Patients with tumor of advanced classification (≥T3) are at risk of recurrence, metastasis, and dying of the disease, whereas patients in this study with T1 or T2 disease had favorable outcomes after complete tumor resection. Cancer 2000;88:844–52. © 2000 American Cancer Society.

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“…Use of high-dose EBRT outside of bone and lymph node metastases was associated with significant normal tissue toxicity in older case reports, limiting its utilization for malignant PCC/PGL (8, 9). More recent case reports in which intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS/FSRT) are used, however, have allowed delivery of higher doses of radiation without significant normal tissue toxicity, resulting in durable local radiographic and symptomatic control at broader sites of metastatic disease (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Beam Radiation Therapy in Treatment of Malignant Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

et al. 2014

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Purpose: Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are neuroendocrine tumors arising from the adrenal medulla or as paraganglioma (PGL) from extra-adrenal sites. While usually benign, a small fraction is malignant. Multi-modality therapy is used in treating malignant disease; however, little data exist on the role of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). In this retrospective review, we assessed response to EBRT in malignant PCCs or PGLs.Methods and Materials: Records of patients treated at the National Institutes of Health who received EBRT between 1990 and 2012 were studied. Patients were assessed for symptomatic control, biochemical response, local and distant control by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors v1.1 or stable disease on imaging reports, toxicity by radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) criteria, and survival.Results: There were 24 patients treated who received EBRT to lesions of the abdomen (n = 3), central nervous system (n = 4), and bone (n = 40). Lesions were treated with 3D conformal EBRT to a mean dose of 31.8 Gy in 3.3 Gy fractions, or fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery to 21.9 Gy in 13.6 Gy fractions. Patients experienced acute (n = 15) and late (n = 2) RTOG toxicities; no patient experienced acute toxicity ≥4 or late toxicity ≥2. Symptomatic control was achieved in 81.1% of lesions. Stable radiographic response was achieved in 86.7% of lesions with progression in 13%. Distant progression was observed overall in 75% of patients and average survival was 52.4 months.Conclusion: Malignant PCC and PGL often do not respond well to current systemic therapies. In these cases, EBRT can be considered in patients with symptomatic, localized disease progression.

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Malignant Phaeochromocytoma of the Bladder

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Asymptomatic Phaeochromocytoma of the Bladder Co‐existing with Carcinoma

Asymptomatic Phaeochromocytoma of the Bladder Co‐existing with Carcinoma

Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder

External Beam Radiation Therapy in Treatment of Malignant Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

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