Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of thyroid: a diagnostic dilemma

Danish, Muhammad Hassan; Wasif, Muhammad; Din, Nasir Ud; Awan, Muhammad Sohail

doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-234374

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, in cases of RT, it helps to prove a pathological confirmation. On the contrary, a patient who is mistakenly diagnosed with RT and actually has an alternative diagnosis may benefit from a post-operatory histological report [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reshaping the Concept of Riedel’s Thyroiditis into the Larger Frame of IgG4-Related Disease (Spectrum of IgG4-Related Thyroid Disease)

Cârșote

Nistor

2023

Biomedicines

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Recently, Riedel’s thyroiditis (RT) was assimilated into the larger spectrum of immunoglobulin IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in addition to a particular frame of IgG4-related thyroid disease (IgG4-RTD), underlying IgG4-RT, IgG4-associated Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (and its fibrotic variant), and IgG4-related Graves’s disease. Our objective was to overview recent data on RT, particularly IgG4-RD and IgG4-RTD. The case and study– sample analysis (2019–2023) included 293 articles and selected 18 original studies: nine single case reports (N = 9, female/male = 2/1, aged: 34–79 years, 5/9 patients with serum IgG4 available data, 2/5 with high serum IgG4) and four case series (N = 21; 4/5 series provided data on IgG4 profile, 3/21 had serum IgG4 assays, and 2/3 had abnormally high values). IgG4-RD and thyroid findings were analyzed in three cohorts (N = 25). Another two studies (N = 11) specifically addressed IgG4-RTD components. On presentation, the patients may have hypothyroidism, transitory thyrotoxicosis, goiter, long-term history of positive anti-thyroid antibodies, and hypoechoic ultrasound thyroid pattern. The 5-year analysis (N = 66) showed the rate of serum IgG4 evaluation remained low; normal values do not exclude RT. Mandatory histological and immunohistochemistry reports point out a high content of IgG4-carrying plasma cells and IgG4/IgG ratio. Unless clinically evident, histological confirmation provides a prompt indication of starting corticoid therapy since this is the first-line option. Surgery, if feasible, is selective (non-responders to medical therapy, emergency tracheal intervention, and open/core needle biopsy). Current open issues are identifying the role of serum IgG4 assays in patients with IgG4-RD, finding out if all cases of RT are IgG4-mediated, applying IgG4-RTD criteria of differentiation among four entities, and providing an RT/IgG4-RTD guideline from diagnosis to therapy. It remains that the central aim of approaching RT in daily practice is the early index of suspicion in order to select patients referred for further procedures that provide enough histological/immunohistochemistry material to confirm RT and its high IgG4 burden.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reshaping the Concept of Riedel’s Thyroiditis into the Larger Frame of IgG4-Related Disease (Spectrum of IgG4-Related Thyroid Disease)

Cârșote

Nistor

2023

Biomedicines

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“…Primary MPNSTs of the thyroid gland are rare, accounting for <0.02% of all thyroid tumors worldwide [71,72]. Primary MPNST may arise within the thyroid parenchyma or in the adjacent thyroid capsule; the number of reported cases in the literature is less than 30 [73]. Thyroid MPNST usually presents as a gradually growing firm thyroid mass with progressive enlargement, with non-specific symptoms and signs, which makes pre- Primary MPNSTs of the thyroid gland are rare, accounting for <0.02% of all thyroid tumors worldwide [71,72].…”

Section: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (Mpnsts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thyroid MPNST usually presents as a gradually growing firm thyroid mass with progressive enlargement, with non-specific symptoms and signs, which makes pre- Primary MPNSTs of the thyroid gland are rare, accounting for <0.02% of all thyroid tumors worldwide [71,72]. Primary MPNST may arise within the thyroid parenchyma or in the adjacent thyroid capsule; the number of reported cases in the literature is less than 30 [73]. Thyroid MPNST usually presents as a gradually growing firm thyroid mass with progressive enlargement, with non-specific symptoms and signs, which makes preoperative diagnosis difficult [74].…”

Section: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (Mpnsts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neck Surgery for Non-Well Differentiated Thyroid Malignancies: Variations in Strategy According to Histopathology

López

Ghuzlan

Zafereo

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Lymph node metastases in non-well differentiated thyroid cancer (non-WDTC) are common, both in the central compartment (levels VI and VII) and in the lateral neck (Levels II to V). Nodal metastases negatively affect prognosis and should be treated to maximize locoregional control while minimizing morbidity. In non-WDTC, the rate of nodal involvement is variable and depends on the histology of the tumor. For medullary thyroid carcinomas, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, the high frequency of lymph node metastases makes central compartment dissection generally necessary. In mucoepidermoid carcinomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, sarcomas, and malignant thyroid teratomas or thyroblastomas, central compartment dissection is less often necessary, as clinical lymphnode involvement is less common. We aim to summarize the medical literature and the opinions of several experts from different parts of the world on the current philosophy for managing the neck in less common types of thyroid cancer.

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Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of thyroid: a diagnostic dilemma

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Reshaping the Concept of Riedel’s Thyroiditis into the Larger Frame of IgG4-Related Disease (Spectrum of IgG4-Related Thyroid Disease)

Reshaping the Concept of Riedel’s Thyroiditis into the Larger Frame of IgG4-Related Disease (Spectrum of IgG4-Related Thyroid Disease)

Neck Surgery for Non-Well Differentiated Thyroid Malignancies: Variations in Strategy According to Histopathology

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