Malignant oedema in a guanaco (Lama guanicoe)

Gas gangrene in mammals: a review

“…11,12,29,44,68 Nevertheless, several cases of gas gangrene in which only C. septicum was detected by fluorescent antibody (FA) testing or immunohistochemistry (IHC) seem to contradict the above statement. 61,62,78,81 FA testing and IHC provide a snapshot of the relative proportion of different clostridial species present in animal tissues and are not affected by the presence of other microorganisms. 8…”

“…Contamination of wounds with spores or vegetative forms of histotoxic clostridia represents the starting point of most cases of gas gangrene. 20,43,78 Low redox potential, metabolites of decomposing protein, and acid pH promote germination of spores and stimulate proliferation of vegetative forms of clostridia. 73 This is followed by the production of toxins (Table 1), which are ultimately responsible for the lesions and clinical signs characteristic of gas gangrene.…”

“…30 Among these diseases, gas gangrene (previously referred to as malignant edema) is a highly lethal histotoxic disease that affects several animal species with worldwide distribution. 65,70,78 Although gas gangrene is most frequently observed in sheep, cattle (Figs. 1,2), and horses (Fig.…”

Isolation of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia colifrom a South American Camelid (Lama guanicoe) with Diarrhea

“…A limited number of reports concerning infectious diseases of South American camelids (SAC) has been published in recent years (1,11,14,21,22,26,27). Enteric pathogens, such as C. perfringens, Salmonella sp., RV, coronavirus, and certain parasites, such as Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia duodenalis, and coccidia, have been reported to be involved in outbreaks or sporadic cases of diarrhea in these animals (1,21,22).…”

Malignant oedema associated with blood‐sampling in sheep

“…Aust Vet J 2002;80:280-281 M alignant oedema is an acute, fatal disease of domestic and wild animals that follows contamination of wounds by one or more members of the Clostridium genus. [1][2][3] Major reported predisposing factors for malignant oedema in sheep are shearing, docking, marking and parturition. 4 Although theoretically any skin wound can allow access of clostridia to an animal, we are not aware of any reports of malignant oedema in which blood sampling using hypodermic needles was the predisposing factor.…”