Malignant Melanoma: Skin Cancer-Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment

Ahmed, Bilal; Qadir, Muhammad Imran; Ghafoor, Saba

doi:10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2020028454

Cited by 114 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…With the depletion of ozone, the atmospheric protection against ultraviolet light has become increasingly weak. It is estimated that every 10% reduction in the ozone layer will result in 4,500 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (21)(22)(23)(24). In terms of different ethnic groups, Caucasians have a much higher probability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma than other ethnic groups, 90% being primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (25), while Asians and people of color with malignant nasopharyngeal carcinoma account for about 50-70% of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics analysis based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs: construction of a clinical prognostic model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and correlation analysis

Dai

Zhong

2022

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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Background: A prognostic model of ferroptosis associated with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was established by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and immune correlation analysis was conducted for patients classified into high-and low-risk groups by the model. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with many lncRNA gene mutations, and tumors are often closely related to metabolism, accompanied by obvious characteristics of immune infiltration.Methods: Gene expression data and clinical data of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and normal tissues were obtained from TCGA database, and differential lncRNAs related to ferroptosis were screened out.Univariate and multivariate Cox risk regression models were used to screen and establish the lncRNA prognostic risk prediction model. Patients were scored according to the model. The immune-related functions of the high-risk and low-risk groups were compared to obtain immune-related differences between the groups. In this study, the prognostic model was constructed by the intersection of genes related to nasopharyngeal cancer prognosis and genes related to iron death metabolism through Cox regression analysis and R-packet screening, and the area under curve (AUC) was further used to predict and verify the model. Results:In this study, a total of 14 differential lncRNAs related to the prognosis of ferroptosis were obtained. Immune correlation analysis showed that the high-and low-risk groups had significant differences in the following factors: dendritic cells, B cells, mast cells, and other immune cells (P=0.0001); anaphasepromoting complex (APC) co-inhibition, chemotactic factor receptor, immune checkpoint, and other immune functions (P=0.002); glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC), human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2), cluster of differentiation (CD276), B and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), and other immune checkpoint related genes (P<0.001). GCLC was highly expressed in NP69/DDP cells (P=0.04). DDP can activate ferroptosis in NP69/DDP cells can inhibit GCLC expression, and the AUC curve (AUC =0.899) indicates that the model has good prediction and accuracy. Conclusions:The prognostic model based on 16 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs can predict the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, and the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs involved in the construction of the model obtained in this study may be related to the level of immune infiltration, and may even become new targets for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics analysis based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs: construction of a clinical prognostic model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and correlation analysis

Dai

Zhong

2022

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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“…PD, which is described as a loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra by an accumulation of aSyn [26], was also associated with a variety of dermatological disorders [32]. This also includes malignant melanoma [30,31], a skin cancer caused by a malignant transformation of melanocytes [3,70,71] and mal-pigmentation [3]. However, less is known about the impact of aSyn in melanocytes, which are responsible for skin pigmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-Synuclein and Its Role in Melanocytes

Rachinger

Mittag

Böhme-Schäfer

et al. 2022

Cells

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Pigmentation is an important process in skin physiology and skin diseases and presumably also plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, alpha-Synuclein (aSyn) has been shown to be involved in the pigmentation of neurons. The presynaptic protein is intensively investigated for its pathological role in PD, but its physiological function remains unknown. We hypothesized that aSyn is both involved in melanocytic differentiation and melanosome trafficking processes. We detected a strong expression of aSyn in human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) and observed its regulation in melanocytic differentiation via the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a central regulator of differentiation. Moreover, we investigated its role in pigmentation by performing siRNA experiments but found no effect on the total melanin content. We discovered a localization of aSyn to melanosomes, and further analysis of aSyn knockdown revealed an important role in melanocytic morphology and a reduction in melanosome release. Additionally, we found a reduction of transferred melanosomes in co-culture experiments of melanocytes and keratinocytes but no complete inhibition of melanosome transmission. In summary, this study highlights a novel physiological role of aSyn in melanocytic morphology and its so far unknown function in the pigment secretion in melanocytes.

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“…Among them, basal cell carcinoma and CSCC are the most common (2). Melanoma accounts for only 2% of the total number of cases of cutaneous carcinoma, but due to its high degree of malignancy and strong invasiveness, it has the highest mortality (3). About 95% of all skin cancer cases are caused by squamous cell carcinoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of lncRNA NEAT1 inhibits the proliferation of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in vivo and in vitro

Shen¹,

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Ann Transl Med

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Background: The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), a malignant tumor that threatens human life, is increasing every year, and yet its pathogenesis is still unclear. This study found that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) was abnormally expressed in CSCC. However, the biochemical mechanisms of lncRNA NEAT1 in carcinogenesis and the development of cancer remain unclear.Methods: Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was conducted to determine lncRNA NEAT1 expression in CSCC and paracarcinoma tissues and investigate the correlation between NEAT1 levels and patients' clinicopathological features. The invasion, proliferation, and migration of CSCC cells were measured using colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8, and Transwell assays. Western blot assay was conducted to test whether NEAT1 knockdown affected invasion and migration-related proteins. In addition, a nude mouse subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiment was performed to determine whether the knockdown of NEAT1 affected the proliferation ability of CSCC cells.Results: Changes in lncRNA NEAT1 expression in CSCC tissues were correlated with the degree of lymph node metastasis and the tumor, regional lymph nodes, and distant metastasis (TNM) grade of patients. The downregulation of NEAT1 lncRNA significantly impeded cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in CSCC. Through lncRNA NEAT1 knockdown, significant reductions in metalloproteinase-2, metalloproteinase-9, N-cadherin, and vimentin expression were observed, and the level of E-cadherin increased. In vivo experiments in nude mice revealed that knockdown of lncRNA NEAT1 greatly inhibited cell proliferation in CSCC. Conclusions:In CSCC tissues, NEAT1 lncRNA was expressed at high levels and correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. The knockdown of NEAT1 lncRNA could significantly impede CSCC proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. Additionally, by measuring the expression level of lncRNA NEAT1, we may be able to detect the clinical and pathological characteristics of CSCC.

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Malignant Melanoma: Skin Cancer-Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

Bioinformatics analysis based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs: construction of a clinical prognostic model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and correlation analysis

Bioinformatics analysis based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs: construction of a clinical prognostic model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and correlation analysis

Alpha-Synuclein and Its Role in Melanocytes

Downregulation of lncRNA NEAT1 inhibits the proliferation of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in vivo and in vitro

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