Malignant Melanoma in Patient Who Received Neutron Beam Therapy

Waxler, Beverly

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91361-8

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Supporting evidence of an association between melanoma and radiation comes from studies carried out in nuclear industry workers (Austin and Reynolds, 1997), patients who underwent radiotherapy (Waxler, 1984), and US radiologic technologists exposed to particularly high radiation dose (Freedman et al, 2003). Melanoma excess might be attributed to radiation exposure largely on the basis of analogy with low-LET radiation-exposed populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence among male military and civil pilots and flight attendants: an analysis on published data

Buja

Lange²,

Perissinotto

et al. 2005

Toxicol Ind Health

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Flight personnel are exposed to cosmic ionizing radiation, chemicals (fuel, jet engine exhausts, cabin air pollutants), electromagnetic fields from cockpit instruments, and disrupted sleep patterns. Only recently has cancer risk among these workers been investigated. With the aim of increasing the precision of risk estimates of cancer incidence, follow-up studies reporting a standardized incidence ratio for cancer among male flight attendants, civil and military pilots were obtained from online databases and analysed. A meta-analysis was performed by applying a random effect model, obtaining a meta-standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). In male cabin attendants, and civil and military pilots, meta-SIRs were 3.42 (CI = 1.94-6.06), 2.18 (1.69-2.80), 1.43 (1.09-1.87) for melanoma; and 7.46 (3.52-15.89), 1.88 (1.23-2.88), 1.80 (1.25-2.58) for other skin cancer, respectively. These tumors share as risk factors, ionizing radiation, recreational sun exposure and socioeconomic status. The meta-SIRs are not adjusted for confounding; the magnitude of risk for melanoma decreased when we corrected for socioeconomic status. In civil pilots, meta-SIR was 1.47 (1.06-2.05) for prostate cancer. Age (civil pilots are older than military pilots and cabin attendants) and disrupted sleep pattern (entailing hyposecretion of melatonin, which has been reported to suppress proliferative effects of androgen on prostate cancer cells) might be involved. In male cabin attendants, meta-SIR was 21.5 (2.25-205.8) for Kaposi's sarcoma and 2.49 (1.03-6.03) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AIDS, which was the most frequent single cause of death in this occupational category, likely explains the excess of the latter two tumors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence among male military and civil pilots and flight attendants: an analysis on published data

Buja

Lange²,

Perissinotto

et al. 2005

Toxicol Ind Health

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“…Case reports of malignant melanoma in patients receiving radiotherapy only are numerous, including one case treated with neutron beam therapy. 35 As an example, two studies in cohorts surviving testicular cancer showed a significant excess of malignant melanoma following radiotherapy. 36 37 One of these studies showed a definite excess of malignant melanoma following radiotherapy only, 36 while the other had difficulties differentiating between radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and other factors which may be involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma among aircrews and a random sample of the population

Rafnsson

Hrafnkelsson²,

Tulinius³

et al. 2003

Occup Environ Med

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Aims: To evaluate whether a difference in the prevalence of risk factors for malignant melanoma in a random sample of the population and among pilots and cabin attendants could explain the increased incidence of malignant melanoma which had been found in previous studies of aircrews. Methods: A questionnaire was used to collect information on hair colour, eye colour, freckles, number of naevi, family history of skin cancer and naevi, skin type, history of sunburn, sunbed, all sunscreen use, and number of sunny vacations. Results: The 239 pilots were all males and there were 856 female cabin attendants, which were compared with 454 males and 1464 females of the same age drawn randomly from the general population. The difference in constitutional and behavioural risk factors for malignant melanoma between the aircrews and the population sample was not substantial. The aircrews had more often used sunscreen and had taken more sunny vacations than the other men and women. The predictive values for use of sunscreen were 0.88 for pilots and 0.85 for cabin attendants and the predictive values for sunny vacation were 1.36 and 1.34 respectively. Conclusion: There was no substantial difference between the aircrew and the random sample of the population with respect to prevalence of risk factors for malignant melanoma. Thus it is unlikely that the increased incidence of malignant melanoma found in previous studies of pilots and cabin attendants can be solely explained by excessive sun exposure.

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“…In a recent case-control study, however, Rafnsson et al 26 concluded that the increased incidence of malignant melanoma in female cabin attendants cannot be solely explained by excessive sun exposure. Supporting evidence of an association between melanoma and radiation comes from studies carried out in nuclear industry workers, 27 patients undergoing radiotherapy, 28 and U.S. radiology technologists exposed to particularly high radiation doses. 29 Linnersjö et al 9 estimated that in female cabin crew, reproductive history could yield a 10% increase in breast cancer incidence, which estimation does not seem to fully explain the cancer excess observed in the same workers.…”

Section: Buja Et Al 102mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Incidence among Female Flight Attendants: A Meta-Analysis of Published Data

Buja

Mastrangelo

Perissinotto

et al. 2006

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Flight attendants are exposed to cosmic ionizing radiation and other potential cancer risk factors, but only recently have epidemiological studies been performed to assess the risk of cancer among these workers. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the incidence of various types of cancer among female cabin attendants by combining cancer incidence estimates reported in published studies.Methods: All follow-up studies reporting standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for cancer among female flight attendants were obtained from online databases and analyzed. A metaanalysis was performed by applying Bayesian hierarchical models, which take into account studies that reported SIR ‫؍‬ 0 and natural heterogeneity of study-specific SIRs.Results: A total of seven published studies reporting SIR for several cancer types were extracted. Meta-analysis showed a significant excess of melanoma (meta-SIR 2.15, 95% posterior interval [PI] 1.56-2.88) and breast carcinoma (meta-SIR 1.40; PI 1.19-1.65) and a slight but not significant excess of cancer incidence across types (meta-SIR 1.11, PI 0.98-1.25).Conclusions: Although further studies are necessary to clarify the exact role of occupational exposure, all airlines should, as some companies do, estimate radiation dose, organize the schedules of crew members in order to reduce further exposure in highly exposed flight attendants, inform crew members about health risks, and give special protection to pregnant women.

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Malignant Melanoma in Patient Who Received Neutron Beam Therapy

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Cancer incidence among male military and civil pilots and flight attendants: an analysis on published data

Cancer incidence among male military and civil pilots and flight attendants: an analysis on published data

Risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma among aircrews and a random sample of the population

Cancer Incidence among Female Flight Attendants: A Meta-Analysis of Published Data

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