Malignant Melanoma in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)

André, Jorge; Delverdier, Maxence; Cabanié, P.; Bartel, Gregory A.

doi:10.2307/30135010

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…5,59 Of these species, swine are probably the most important for two reasons. Firstly, the Sinclair miniature and Duroc breeds have a genetic predisposition for melanomas.…”

Section: Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms

2002

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Abstract. Melanoma is a devastating disease frequently encountered within both veterinary and human medicine. Molecular changes linked with neoplastic transformation of melanocytes include mutations in genes that encode proteins intrinsic to the regulatory pathways of two tumor suppressor proteins (retinoblastoma protein and p53), proto-oncogene mutation to oncogenes, altered expression of epithelial cadherin and CD44 adhesion molecules, and upregulation of angiogenic factors and other growth factors. Histologic evaluation of the primary mass is the most common means of diagnosis, with cytology used more frequently to document metastasis. Melanoma's highly variable histologic and cytologic patterns can make diagnosis by either method problematic. Adherent epithelioid morphology, including signet ring forms, and nonadherent round and spindle forms are recognized, with pigmentation an inconsistent finding. The site of the tumor, the thickness of the primary tumor or depth of invasion, and the number of mitotic figures per high-power field or per millimeter are used histologically to predict biologic behavior, whereas site and degree of pleomorphism are typically used for cytologic preparations. Diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma can be aided by ancillary diagnostic techniques. Tumor cells are usually positive for vimentin, S100, neuron-specific enolase, and Melan-A, and negative for cytokeratin. Melan-A as a positive marker is not as sensitive as the others are but is likely more specific. Monoclonal antibodies to human melanosome-specific antigens 1 and 5 cross-react with canine antigens for a combined sensitivity rate of 83%. Mouse monoclonal antibody IBF9 specifically recognizes canine melanoma antigen and also has good sensitivity. Serologic markers, including cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and melanoma-inhibitory activity, are being investigated as potential sentinels of melanoma. Currently, there is no single diagnostic technique capable of differentiating benign from malignant melanocytic neoplasms or predicting survival time.

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“…5,59 Of these species, swine are probably the most important for two reasons. Firstly, the Sinclair miniature and Duroc breeds have a genetic predisposition for melanomas.…”

Section: Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms

2002

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“…The melanoma identified in this African grey parrot suggests that this neoplasm should be included as a differential diagnosis for changes in vocalization. Metastatic melanomas have caused respiratory tract disease in Psittaciformes, 3,4 Anseriformes, 11 and Falconiformes, 14 although primarily affecting the lungs and nasal cavities. Other differentials for syrinx dysfunction in birds include mycoses, inhaled foreign bodies, parasitism, viral tracheitis, and goiter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melanomas have been reported in the following avian species: African grey parrot, 3 thick-billed parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha), 4 umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba), 5 budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), 6 zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), 7 lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), 8 muscovy (Cairina moschata) and Peking (Anas platyrhynchos) duck cross, 9 Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata), 10 combed duck (Sarkidiornis melanotos), 11 southern Bahama pintail duck (Anas bahama bahamensis), 12 red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), 13 merlin (Falco columbarius), 14 rock hopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome), 15,16 macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus), 13,16 and Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti). [16][17][18] To our knowledge, no previous case of avian malignant melanoma affecting the syrinx has been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant Melanoma of the Syrinx and Liver in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)

Shrader¹,

Carpenter²,

Cino‐Ozuna³

et al. 2016

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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A 20-year-old, female African grey parrot ( Psittacus erithacus erithacus) was examined because of ataxia and weakness. Radiographs were unremarkable, and results of a complete blood cell count revealed leukocytosis and heterophilia. Because of poor response to therapy with meloxicam, doxycycline, and enrofloxacin; deteriorating condition; and poor prognosis, the parrot was euthanatized. Postmortem examination revealed 2 dark red nodules in the liver. No grossly visible mass was observed in the syrinx. Histologic examination of the liver and syrinx revealed similar foci of round, oval, and polygonal cells exhibiting severe pleomorphism, with poorly demarcated cytoplasmic borders and moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm containing brown to black granules (melanin). The mitotic index was 15. The presence of melanin pigment is consistent with a diagnosis of melanoma at both sites. The multifocal distribution and intravascular invasion indicate metastasis; however, the site of origin was unknown. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of melanoma in an avian syrinx.

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“…Tumor tissue was present in the liver, heart, and, presumably, lungs; however, the skin, eyes, beak, or other organs were not grossly affected. The liver was affected in most reported cases of malignant melanoma in birds, 11,15,[18][19][23][24][25][26][27] and, reportedly, may be the primary site in birds. 28 As in the present report, the lungs and heart may also be affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant melanoma in a zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata): cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural characteristics

Irizarry-Rovira¹,

Lennox²,

Ramos‐Vara³

2007

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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An approximately 3-year-old adult male zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) was diagnosed with malignant melanoma. The large darkly pigmented tumor was located in the coelom, extended from the apex of the heart to the cloaca, and was adherent to the intestines and the ventriculus. Dark small masses (likely metastases) were observed in the lungs. Cytologically, the neoplasm consisted mainly of round to oval cells with brown or pale blue to blue-brown pigment. Lesser numbers of cells were stellate to dendritic with abundant amounts of brown pigment granules or were markedly pleomorphic with variable amounts of pigment. Histologically, the tumor consisted of dense sheets and aggregates of infiltrative melanocytes that were negative for S-100 and Melan A. A few cells were consistent with "signet-ring" melanocytes. Melanocytes examined by electron microscopy contained typical structures, mainly premelanosomes and melanosomes, of this cell type. However, melanocytes with marked pleomorphism also contained intracytoplasmic aggregates of filaments, consistent with previously reported ultrastructural findings in signet-ring or rhabdoid melanoma of nonavian species.

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Malignant Melanoma in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms

A Comparative Review of Melanocytic Neoplasms

Malignant Melanoma of the Syrinx and Liver in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)

Malignant melanoma in a zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata): cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural characteristics

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