Malignant melanoma in a child with oculocutaneous albinism

Levine, Edward A.; Ronan, Salve G.; Shirali, Swati; Gupta, Tapas K. Das; Karakousis, Constantine P.

doi:10.1002/jso.2930510215

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This seems to indicate that melanin protects better against nonmelanomas than against CMM or, alternatively, that melanin may be a photocarcinogen for CMM, in agreement with our hypothesis. Furthermore, albinism is associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer but not to the same extent with CMM (21)(22)(23). Albino Africans have a substantially larger risk of getting skin cancer than normally pigmented Africans (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Support for an Hypothesis for Melanoma Induction Indicating a Role for UVA Radiation

1999

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An hypothesis for melanoma induction is presented: UV radiation absorbed by melanin in melanocytes generates products that may activate the carcinogenic process. Products formed by UV absorption in the upper layers of the epidermis cannot diffuse down as far as to the melanocytes. Thus, melanin in the upper layer of the skin may be protective, while that in melanocytes may be photocarcinogenic. Observations that support this hypothesis include: (1) Africans with dark skin have a reduced risk of getting all types of skin cancer as compared with Caucasians, but the ratio of their incidence rates of cutaneous malignant melanoma to that of squamous cell carcinoma is larger than the corresponding ratio for Caucasians. (2) Albino Africans, as compared with normally pigmented Africans, seem to have a relatively small risk of getting cutaneous malignant melanomas compared to nonmelanomas. This is probably also true for albino and normally pigmented Caucasians. (3) Among sun-sensitive, poorly tanning persons, frequent UV exposures are associated with increased risk of melanoma, whereas among sun-resistant, well-tanning persons, increased frequency of exposure is associated with decreased melanoma risk. (4) It is likely that UVA, being absorbed by melanin, might have a melanoma-inducing effect. This is in agreement with some epidemiological investigations which indicate that sun-screen lotions may not protect sufficiently against melanoma induction. The relative latitude gradient for UVA is much smaller than that for UVB. The same is true for the relative latitude gradient of cutaneous malignant melanoma as compared with squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Under the assumption that the average slopes of the curves relating incidence rates with fluences of carcinogenic UV radiation are similar for melanomas and nonmelanomas, these facts are in agreement with the assumption that UVA plays a significant role in the induction of melanomas in humans. This is in agreement with the experimental results with Xiphophorus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Support for an Hypothesis for Melanoma Induction Indicating a Role for UVA Radiation

1999

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“…Albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder of melanin synthesis that affect the skin, eyes and hair. Melanocytes are normally distributed in the eye and skin, but normal amounts of melanin are not synthesised 12. The most frequently encountered tumour is squamous cell carcinoma, with basal cell carcinoma seen less often 12 13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melanocytes are normally distributed in the eye and skin, but normal amounts of melanin are not synthesised 12. The most frequently encountered tumour is squamous cell carcinoma, with basal cell carcinoma seen less often 12 13. Malignant melanoma is very rare in oculocutaneous albinism,12 14 but this low incidence is unexplained 12.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nevoid malignant melanoma in an albino woman

Binesh

Akhavan²,

Navabii³

2010

Case Reports

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SummaryAlbinism is a disorder of hypopigmentation affecting the skin, hair and eyes. Ultraviolet light induced cutaneous tumours are common in patients with albinism due to reduced or absent protection from melanin, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common. Although nonmelanomatous skin cancers are more frequent in patients with albinism, dysplastic nevi and melanoma present a greater diagnostic challenge in this group because of their hypopigmented appearance. Here the authors report a case of nevoid malignant melanoma in a patient who had type 1A oculocutaneous albinism. BACKGROUND

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“…This showed that in these animals there is tyrosinase expression in the cells; this likely contributed to the synthesis of melanin by the tumor. In humans, approximately 77% of patients with albinism had amelanotic lesions (LEVINE et al, 1992).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma maligno em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) albinos

et al. 2015

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Two albino water buffalo affected by multiple melanocytic tumors in Southern Brazil are described. Grossly, there were multiple dark tumors within the skin, skeletal muscle, lungs, and lymph nodes. The tumor was also present in the pericardial sac, renal capsule, mediastinum and pleura. Microscopically, the tumors consisted of polyhedral epithelioid cells arranged in solid nests or interwoven fascicles supported by a thin and sparse collagenous stroma. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic and sometimes contained varying amounts of melanin pigment. The mitotic rates were low. Immunohistochemistry staining with Tyrosinase, Melan-A, Vimentin, S-100 protein, and neurofilament were positive. It is possible that the polymorphisms related to pigmentation in albino buffalo contributed with a high risk of developing melanoma as suggested in humans. Key words: Albinism, water buffalo, immunohistochemistry, malignant melanoma ResumoDescrevem-se melanomas múltiplos em dois búfalos albinos da raça Murrah no Sul do Brasil. Macroscopicamente havia múltiplos tumores enegrecidos no músculo esquelético, pulmões, linfonodos, saco pericárdio, cápsula renal, mediastino e pleura. Microscopicamente foram observadas células epitelióides poliédricas dispostas em ninhos sólidos ou fascículos entrelaçados sustentadas por um estroma colagenoso fino e esparso. O citoplasma era eosinofílico e por vezes continham quantidades variáveis de pigmento de melanina. A taxa de mitose foi baixa. Na imuno-histoquímica houve imunomarcação positiva utilizando anticorpo anti-tirosinase, anti-Melan-A, anti-vimentina, anti-proteína S-100 e antineurofilamento. É possível que o polimorfismo relacionado com o gene da pigmentação em búfalos albinos tenha contribuído para o maior risco de desenvolvimento de melanomas, como foi sugerido em humanos. Palavras-chave: Albinismo, búfalos, imuno-histoquímica, melanoma 1 Médica Veterinária, Drª Pesquisadora, EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil.

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Malignant melanoma in a child with oculocutaneous albinism

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiological Support for an Hypothesis for Melanoma Induction Indicating a Role for UVA Radiation

Epidemiological Support for an Hypothesis for Melanoma Induction Indicating a Role for UVA Radiation

Nevoid malignant melanoma in an albino woman

Melanoma maligno em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) albinos

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