Malignant carcinoids in the USA, SEER 1992–1999. An epidemiological study with 6830 cases

Abstract

Most of our knowledge on the epidemiology of carcinoid tumours in the USA relies on studies updated during the 1980s. The aim of this study was to describe USA population-based case-series incidence in the period 1992-1999. Data were retrieved from a Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program public-use file. Incidence rates, male-to-female standardized ratios, estimated annual percentage changes and 5-year relative survival rates were computed, and 6830 malignant carcinoid incident during 1992-1999 were analysed. The overall age-adjusted incidence rates were 1.9 per 100 000 for men and women. There was an excess in women for lung and stomach carcinoids, while rates were higher among men for carcinoids of the small intestine and rectum. From 1992 to 1999, incidence rates showed a 3% estimated annual increase. Thirteen per cent of the cases had metastasis at diagnosis. In the present series, 24% of carcinoid patients had more than one tumour. The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 82%. In conclusion, improvements in diagnostic techniques seem to have influenced the epidemiology of carcinoid tumours, leading to a slightly different site distribution and a better stage distribution at diagnosis. Increasing incidence and improving survival rates were shown.

Incidence of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: a systematic review of the literature

“…In the USA, over the past 30 years, gastric carcinoids have consistently been more common in Blacks than in Whites , Crocetti & Paci 2003, Lawrence et al 2011.…”

“…2D (for more details, see Supplementary appendix Table 4, see section on supplementary data given at the end of this article). Generally, there was predominance of right-sided NETs in the colon (Ballantyne et al 1992, Crocetti & Paci 2003, Modlin et al 2003, Yao et al 2008, Ellis et al 2010, Lawrence et al 2011.…”

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-octreotate in patients with foregut carcinoid tumours of bronchial, gastric and thymic origin

“…The most common forms of foregut carcinoids are of bronchial and gastric origin: approximately 24% of all carcinoids arise from lung and 6% from stomach. Carcinoids of thymic origin are very rare (less than 1% of all carcinoids) [3].…”

Carcinoid and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Colon and Rectum

“…Thus, upwards of two-thirds are metastatic at the time of diagnosis. 8,9 Although occasionally discovered during screening colonoscopy, most colonic NETs present with symptoms including bleeding, abdominal pain, change in bowel habits, anorexia, weight loss, and weakness. The carcinoid syndrome is uncommon.…”

“…6 All lesions are termed neuroendocrine tumors (heretofore referred to as ''NETs'') and are separated on the basis of histologic aggressiveness and location within the GI tract. Grade 1 NETs are considered low-grade malignancies (<2 mitoses per high-powered field [HPF] ), grade 2 NETs are considered to be intermediate in behavior (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) mitoses/ HPF), and grade 3 are considered high grade (>20 mitoses/HPF). The original term ''carcinoid'' equates to NETs that are both grade 1 and 2 (well differentiated), whereas grade 3 NETs are mostly small cell carcinomas with a minority component being large cell type (poorly differentiated).…”