Malignant ascites-derived exosomes of ovarian carcinoma patients contain CD24 and EpCAM

Body Fluid Exosomes Promote Secretion of Inflammatory Cytokines in Monocytic Cells via Toll-like Receptor Signaling

“…Thus, in the current study, a main goal was to deepen the understanding of immune cell stimulation by ex vivo-derived exosomes. Indeed, microvesicles isolated from various body fluids including those from AS, LC ascites, urine, and amniotic fluid have been previously characterized in our laboratory and identified as exosomes (12,32,33,42). Surprisingly, we found in the present study that exposure of such exosomes to THP-1 cells could trigger NFB and STAT3 activation and cytokine release.…”

Differential Protein Expression Marks the Transition From Infection With Opisthorchis viverrini to Cholangiocarcinoma

“…As discrete packages of protein and RNA emanating directly from tumor cells, exosomes have a number of advantages when considered as biomarkers: exosomes protect their protein cargo from proteolytic digest; they can be purified from plasma or sera, reducing the dynamic range of this matrix; and previous studies have demonstrated that the number of exosomes in circulation increases in cancer patients (52). Accordingly, exosomes purified from blood and urine are now being assessed as markers for a wide range of malignancies, including prostate (53), lung (54), breast (55), and ovarian cancers (56), among others (33). The work performed in this study now enables a targeted examination of potential protein markers of CCA in exosomes not only from blood but other matrices such as urine and saliva.…”

The biology and function of exosomes in cancer

“…Proteins enriched in exosomes include proteins associated with membrane transport and fusion, including Rab GTPases and annexins, as well as proteins involved in exosome biogenesis (ESCRT complex, ALIX, TSG101). Exosomes are also enriched with heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSP90), integrins, tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD81, and CD82) (3,19,24), MHC class II proteins (3), epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) (25), and members of the human epidermal receptor (HER) family (26,27). Many exosomal protein confor degradation of their contents or fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents into the extracellular space in the form of exosomes (10,17).…”