Male versus female attitudes toward stuttering

Louis, Kenneth O. St.

doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.12.005

Cited by 44 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…First, purposive sampling, a non‐probability sampling method, was used, but a probability sampling method would increase generalizability in future studies. Although gender distribution of the participants does not affect the overall results of the POSHA‐S (St. Louis 2012a), it does affect the scores of some of the components (e.g., women scoring higher accommodating/helping component while men scoring higher on sympathy/social distance component; Arnold and Li 2016); hence, the female‐dominant distribution of gender in the current study is another factor that might limit the generalizability of the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Cultural difference in attitudes towards stuttering among British, Arab and Chinese students: Considering home and host cultures

Üstün‐Yavuz

Warmington

Gerlach

et al. 2021

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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Background: Geographical and cultural differences have been shown to affect public attitudes towards stuttering. However, increasingly for many individuals in the world one's birthplace culture (or home culture) and culture in their local geographical environment (or host culture) are not the same. Aims: The effects of home culture and host culture in shaping the attitudes towards stuttering among students with British, Arab and Chinese home cultures attending one British university were explored. The effects of host culture were investigated by considering the time lived in the UK for Arab and Chinese students. Methods & Procedures:The study used a descriptive survey design that included a standardized self-delivered questionnaire: the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S). Purposive sampling was carried out thorough volunteer mailing lists, student societies and personal contact. The final sample of 156 university students included 51 British, 52 Arab and 53 Chinese students.Outcomes & Results: Overall stuttering score (OSS), which is indicative of attitudes towards stuttering, was highest for British participants (mean = 30) and lowest for Chinese participants (mean = 13), with Arab participants falling in the middle (mean = 21). The differences in attitudes between the three groups were statistically significant, suggesting that home culture is a contributor to attitudes towards stuttering. A post-hoc item analysis of the POSHA-S revealed numerous specific differences in attitudes towards stuttering between the three groups, including differences in the attribution of the aetiology of stuttering, their role in helping people who stutter (PWS) and sympathy toward PWS. Time lived in the UK-a proxy measure for the role of host culture-did not significantly influence the attitudes of Arab and Chinese respondents.Conclusions & Implications: To varying degrees, all three groups had evidence of stereotypical stuttering attitudes. Nevertheless, given similar ages and student status in the same university, observed respondent differences confirm previous research documenting geographical influences on stuttering attitudes in Western versus East Asian and Middle Eastern samples. The study also provides evidence that home culture was influential in shaping attitudes towards stuttering, but host culture was not a significant contributor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Cultural difference in attitudes towards stuttering among British, Arab and Chinese students: Considering home and host cultures

Üstün‐Yavuz

Warmington

Gerlach

et al. 2021

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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“…, Özdemir et al. , ; St. Louis , ). Sixty‐eight percent (41) of these comparisons statistically favored the “best” half, but in this preliminary predictor analysis those items that did not discriminate the “best” versus “worst” attitudes would be especially interesting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Özdemir et al. , ; St. Louis, ; St. Louis, , , ). These involved reporting converted means (ranging from most negative [−100] to most positive [+100]) for each of the items, components (clusters of items), subscores (clusters of components), and the Overall Stuttering Score (mean of the two stuttering subscores).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Information about stuttering from an entertaining talk to high school students about stuttering by a young adult male with rather severe stuttering or a professionally developed video for teens featuring the same speaker (plus two other females who stuttered) resulted in significant short‐term positive changes in attitudes (Flynn & St. Louis, ). One study showed that male and female respondents selected randomly but equally from 50 different samples around the world resulted in virtually identical POSHA–S measured attitudes (St. Louis, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public attitudes toward stuttering in Poland

Przepiórka

Błachnio

Louis

et al. 2013

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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Although generally typical of other Western societies studied, attitudes of adolescents and adults from Poland were notably different in some ways, such as in the beliefs that emotional trauma or viruses and disease can cause stuttering as well as in the self reaction that they would feel uncomfortable speaking with a stuttering person. Overall, social exclusion and stigma are as likely among Poles who stutter as among most other populations studied.

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“…Williams and Dietrich [18] did not find gender differences but the same authors found that males perceived communication disorders as more severe in a later study [19]. Other researchers were not able to show gender effects for the perception of different speech disorders such as stuttering [20, 21], dysarthria [22] and simulated speech and language disorders [23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypernasal Speech Is Perceived as More Monotonous than Typical Speech

Tardif

Berti

Marino

et al. 2018

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Background/Purpose: Anecdotal clinical reports have stated that hypernasal speech sounds monotonous. However, the relationship between the perception of intonation (i.e., the fundamental frequency variation across an utterance) and hypernasality (excessive nasal resonance during the production of non-nasal sounds) has not been investigated in research. We hypothesized that auditory-perceptual ratings of intonation would be significantly lower for more hypernasal stimuli. Methods: One male and one female voice actor simulated 3 levels of intonation (monotone, normal, and exaggerated) at 4 different levels of hypernasality (normal, mild, moderate, and severe). Thirty participants listened to the simulations and rated the intonation on a visual analogue scale from 0 (monotone) to 100 (exaggerated). Results: A mixed-effects ANOVA revealed main effects of intonation (F₂ = 236.46, p < 0.001), and hypernasality (F₃ = 159.89, p < 0.001), as well as an interaction between the two (F₆ = 28.35, p < 0.001). Post hoc analyses found that speech was rated as more monotonous as hypernasality increased. Summary/Implications: The presence of hypernasality in speech can lead listeners to perceive speech as more monotonous. Instrumental measures should be used to corroborate auditory-perceptual evaluations of speech features like intonation.

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Male versus female attitudes toward stuttering

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Cultural difference in attitudes towards stuttering among British, Arab and Chinese students: Considering home and host cultures

Cultural difference in attitudes towards stuttering among British, Arab and Chinese students: Considering home and host cultures

Public attitudes toward stuttering in Poland

Hypernasal Speech Is Perceived as More Monotonous than Typical Speech

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