Male-to-Female Transmission of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II: Association with Viral Load

Kaplan, Jonathan E.; Khabbaz, Rima F.; Murphy, Edward L.; Hermansen, Sigurd; Roberts, Clifford R.; Lal, Renu B.; Heneine, Walid; Wright, David J.; Matijas, Lauri; Thomson, Ruth; Rudolph, Donna L.; Switzer, William M.; Kleinman, Steven; Busch, Michael P.; Schreiber, George B.

doi:10.1097/00042560-199606010-00014

Cited by 149 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, HTLV-1-seropositive donors tended to be slightly older than the average age for the total pool of donors. Although the number of infected individuals was low, a similar pattern has been observed in previous studies (20,45).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

High Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Blood Donors in Guyana and Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of New Strains in the Guyana Shelf (Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana)

Pouliquen

Hardy²,

Lee

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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The prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 in blood donors in Guyana has never been estimated. We evaluated the prevalence of these viruses in blood donors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting and showed a prevalence of HTLV-1 of 1.3%; no HTLV-2 was detected. Female donors had a much higher HTLV-1 seroprevalence (3.6%) than male donors (0.7%). HTLV-1-seropositive donors tended to be slightly older than the average age for the total pool of donors. We also investigated the phylogenetic and molecular characteristics of HTLV-1 strains in Guyana and compared them with those identified in Suriname and French Guiana. Analysis of portions of the env and long terminal repeat nucleotide sequences showed that all the strains in Guyana and Suriname, like those in French Guiana, belonged to the transcontinental group of cosmopolitan subtype A. The similarities were greater between strains from Suriname and Guyana than between strains from Suriname and Guyana and those from French Guiana. Nevertheless, our results confirm that the HTLV-1 strains in all three countries have a common African origin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

High Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Blood Donors in Guyana and Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of New Strains in the Guyana Shelf (Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana)

Pouliquen

Hardy²,

Lee

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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show abstract

“…High HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 proviral loads have been reported to increase the risk of male-to-female HTLV-1 transmission [65][66]70 . In an investigation of blood donors and their stable heterosexual sexual partners, Kaplan et al reported higher circulating proviral loads among seroconcordant couples in which the male partner had most likely transmitted the virus to his female partner than among couples with non-transmitting male partners 70 .…”

Section: Genital Excretion and Viral Transmission Of Htlvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an investigation of blood donors and their stable heterosexual sexual partners, Kaplan et al reported higher circulating proviral loads among seroconcordant couples in which the male partner had most likely transmitted the virus to his female partner than among couples with non-transmitting male partners 70 . Stuver et al 66 studied 534 married couples with at least one HTLV-1-seropositive spouse.…”

Section: Genital Excretion and Viral Transmission Of Htlvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

Paiva

Casseb

2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in many parts of the world and is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. Sexual transmission occurs more effi ciently from men to women than women to men and might be enhanced by sexually transmitted diseases that cause ulcers and result in mucosal ruptures, such as syphilis, herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2), and chancroid. Other sexually transmitted diseases might result in the recruitment of infl ammatory cells and could increase the risk of HTLV-1 acquisition and transmission. Additionally, factors that are associated with higher transmission risks include the presence of antibodies against the viral oncoprotein Tax (anti-Tax), a higher proviral load in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and increased cervicovaginal or seminal secretions. Seminal fl uid has been reported to increase HTLV replication and transmission, whereas male circumcision and neutralizing antibodies might have a protective effect. Recently, free virions were discovered in plasma, which reveals a possible new mode of HTLV replication. It is unclear how this discovery might affect the routes of HTLV transmission, particularly sexual transmission, because HTLV transmission rates are signifi cantly higher from men to women than women to men.

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“…Thus, we base estimates for reduced transmission on studies of groups with various HIV serum viral loads (40), HTLV-I͞II viral loads (41), and a study of the effect of AZT treatment on transmission (29). We decrease transmission probabilities for infecting CCR5⌬32͞⌬32 persons by 100-fold to reflect the rarity of infections in these persons.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The coreceptor mutation CCR5Δ32 influences the dynamics of HIV epidemics and is selected for by HIV

Sullivan

Wigginton

Kirschner

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We explore the impact of a host genetic factor on heterosexual HIV epidemics by using a deterministic mathematical model. A protective allele unequally distributed across populations is exemplified in our models by the 32-bp deletion in the host-cell chemokine receptor CCR5, CCR5⌬32. Individuals homozygous for CCR5⌬32 are protected against HIV infection whereas those heterozygous for CCR5⌬32 have lower pre-AIDS viral loads and delayed progression to AIDS. CCR5⌬32 may limit HIV spread by decreasing the probability of both risk of infection and infectiousness. In this work, we characterize epidemic HIV within three dynamic subpopulations: CCR5͞CCR5 (homozygous, wild type), CCR5͞CCR5⌬32 (heterozygous), and CCR5⌬32͞CCR5⌬32 (homozygous, mutant). Our results indicate that prevalence of HIV͞ AIDS is greater in populations lacking the CCR5⌬32 alleles (homozygous wild types only) as compared with populations that include people heterozygous or homozygous for CCR5⌬32. Also, we show that HIV can provide selective pressure for CCR5⌬32, increasing the frequency of this allele.

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Male-to-Female Transmission of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II: Association with Viral Load

Cited by 149 publications

References 29 publications

High Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Blood Donors in Guyana and Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of New Strains in the Guyana Shelf (Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana)

High Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Blood Donors in Guyana and Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of New Strains in the Guyana Shelf (Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana)

Sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

The coreceptor mutation CCR5Δ32 influences the dynamics of HIV epidemics and is selected for by HIV

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