Male sex bias in early and late onset neurodevelopmental disorders: Shared aspects and differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder, and Schizophrenia

Santos, Sofía; Ferreira, Helena; Martins, João; Gonçalves, Joana; Castelo‐Branco, Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104577

Cited by 66 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…2) low awareness of developmental disabilities (Whittle et al, 2018); 3) distrust of healthcare professionals (Zeleke et al, 2019); 4) fear of not being believed (Lewis, 2017); 5) misgendering or sex bias in characterizing disability conditions (Bargiela et al, 2016;Santos et al, 2022); and 6) low cultural competency in patient-provider interactions (Aylward et al, 2021;Eken et al, 2021). Some still cannot access a formal diagnosis when missed as a child due to living in a LMIC or region, immigration status, lack of healthcare coverage, language/communication barrier, or lack of access to a professional licensed to conduct diagnostic evaluations.…”

Section: Intersection Of Neurodivergence and Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Neurodiversity and Open Scholarship: How Shared Values Can Guide Best Practices for Research Integrity, Social Justice, and Principled Education

Elsherif¹,

Middleton²,

Phan³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Not all people conform to what is socially construed as the norm and divergences should be expected. Neurodiversity is fundamental to the understanding of human behaviour and cognition. However, neurodivergent individuals are often stigmatised, devalued, and objectified. This position statement presents the perspectives of neurodivergent authors, the majority of whom have personal lived experiences of neurodivergence(s), and discusses how research and academia can and should be improved in terms of research integrity, inclusivity and diversity. The authors describe future directions that relate to lived experience and systematic barriers, disclosure, directions on prevalence, stigma, intersection of neurodiversity and open scholarship, and provide recommendations that can lead to personal and systematic changes to improve acceptance of neurodivergent individuals’ lived experiences within academia.

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Section: Intersection Of Neurodivergence and Socioeconomic Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging Neurodiversity and Open Scholarship: How Shared Values Can Guide Best Practices for Research Integrity, Social Justice, and Principled Education

Elsherif¹,

Middleton²,

Phan³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…SZ represents a mostly chronic disorder with a heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background 16 . Although SZ is a widely investigated mental condition, understanding of this disease still leaves many open issues [17][18][19][20][21][22] . The lifetime prevalence of SZ is about 4:1000 individuals, with a lifetime morbid risk of 7.2 per 1000 23 , and the global age-standardized point prevalence of 0.28% 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face pareidolia in male schizophrenia

et al. 2022

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Faces are valuable signals for efficient social interaction. Yet, social cognition including the sensitivity to a coarse face scheme may be deviant in schizophrenia (SZ). Tuning to faces in non-face images such as shadows, grilled toasts, or ink blots is termed face pareidolia. This phenomenon is poorly investigated in SZ. Here face tuning was assessed in 44 male participants with SZ and person-by-person matched controls by using recently created Face-n-Thing images (photographs of non-face objects to a varying degree resembling a face). The advantage of these images is that single components do not automatically trigger face processing. Participants were administered a set of images with upright and inverted (180° in the image plane) orientation. In a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, they had to indicate whether an image resembled a face. The findings showed that: (i) With upright orientation, SZ patients exhibited deficits in face tuning: they provided much fewer face responses than controls. (ii) Inversion generally hindered face pareidolia. However, while in neurotypical males, inversion led to a drastic drop in face impression, in SZ, the impact of orientation was reduced. (iii) Finally, in accord with the signal detection theory analysis, the sensitivity index (d-prime) was lower in SZ, whereas no difference occurred in decision criterion. The outcome suggests altered face pareidolia in SZ is caused by lower face sensitivity rather than by alterations in cognitive bias. Comparison of these findings with earlier evidence confirms that tuning to social signals is lower in SZ, and warrants tailored brain imaging research.

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“…The management of an autistic subject requires a highly expert series of methodological criteria in order to facilitate the relationship with dentistry professionals, such as dentists and oral hygienists, psychologists or neuropsychiatrists, and pediatricians, all supporting and expert figures particularly important in helping ASD children's parents or tutors support teachers (caregivers) to oral hygiene practice ( 100 , 114 , 125 – 129 ), even considering differential habits and behaviors between males and females ( 130 ).…”

Section: Besides Oral Caries Malocclusion Bruxism Periodontal and Gin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on dental care management and prevention in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). What is new?

Zerman

Zotti²,

Chirumbolo³

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

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Autistic subjects represent a severe concern to dentistry due to the considerable difficulty in managing their oral health, maintaining routine toothbrushing, and preventing dental and periodontal problems. The social and economic burden of managing dental care in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children is particularly cumbersome for families and public and private health expenditure, especially when children reach the dentist following a late diagnosis with evident oral health problems. An early diagnosis of ASD helps dentists better address these children's oral health. Unfortunately, insufficient attention is paid to the training and education of general pediatricians, dentists, and dental hygienists, allowing them to get to approach the different clinical aspects of ASD. Usually, children diagnosed with ASD are scheduled for dental appointments like their neurotypical peers, whereas their needs are typically complex and personalized. Scant attention is also devoted to these patients by commercial manufacturers of dental products and devices for oral hygiene and prevention of caries and periodontal diseases, leaving parents without the support and often failing when they address the oral health of autistic children. The difficulties of oral care do not derive simply from the behavior of ASD patients, as is commonly assumed, and therefore cannot be overcome solely by the patience and attention of parents and dentists. Genetics, dietary habits, sensory impairments, and cognition disorders are other causes contributing in various degrees to the impact on the mood and psychological reactions of autistic children towards dentists. How can we prevent teeth caries, periodontal disorders, and other oral health impairments by properly managing ASD children? This manuscript gives an up-to-date overview of these problems and helps to provide good remarks.

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Male sex bias in early and late onset neurodevelopmental disorders: Shared aspects and differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder, and Schizophrenia

Cited by 66 publications

References 261 publications

Bridging Neurodiversity and Open Scholarship: How Shared Values Can Guide Best Practices for Research Integrity, Social Justice, and Principled Education

Bridging Neurodiversity and Open Scholarship: How Shared Values Can Guide Best Practices for Research Integrity, Social Justice, and Principled Education

Face pareidolia in male schizophrenia

Insights on dental care management and prevention in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). What is new?

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