Male role and gender role conflict: Relations to help seeking in men.

Good, Glenn E.; Dell, Don M.; Mintz, Laurie B.

doi:10.1037/0022-0167.36.3.295

Cited by 299 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Role socialization paradigms begin with the assumption that men and women learn gendered attitudes and behaviors from cultural values, norms, and ideologies about what it means to be men and women. For example, many of the tasks associated with seeking help from a health professional, such as relying on others, admitting a need for help, or recognizing and labeling an emotional problem, conflict with the messages men receive about the importance of self-reliance, physical toughness, and emotional control (Brannon & David, 1976;Good, Dell, & Mintz, 1989;Levant & Pollack, 1995;Pleck, 1981;Pollack, 1998;Real, 1997).…”

Section: Masculine Gender-role Socialization and Help Seekingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking.

Addis¹,

Mahalik²

2003

American Psychologist

2,141

135

1,997

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M en are often characterized as unwilling to ask for help when they experience problems in living. Popular stereotypes portray men reluctantly asking for directions when they are lost, having difficulty sharing vulnerable feelings with friends and family, and avoiding seeking needed help from professionals. A large body of empirical research supports the popular belief that men are reluctant to seek help from health professionals. Men are less likely than women to seek help for problems as diverse as depression, substance abuse, physical disabilities, and stressful life events (Husaini, Moore, & Cain, 1994;McKay, Rutherford, Cacciola, & Kabasakalian-McKay, 1996;Padesky & Hammen, 1981;Thom, 1986;Weissman & Klerman, 1977). The empirical research and the pervasiveness of popular beliefs about men's help seeking raise important questions for psychologists and other social scientists. Why do many men have difficulty asking for help? How are masculinity norms, stereotypes, and ideologies related to help-seeking behavior? How can psychologists and other health care professionals integrate an understanding of social norms and ideologies about masculinity into an analysis of men's use of health services?We consider the utility of existing work on men's help seeking from three perspectives. First, to what extent is the study of men's help seeking grounded in theoretical frameworks that can account for the variable ways in which men do or do not seek help from health care professionals? Second, do existing theories lead to empirically testable predictions about the determinants of help-seeking behavior? Third, how well do existing approaches provide a foundation for developing interventions that facilitate adaptive help seeking from mental and physical health care providers? Because the majority of previous work has focused on help sought from health professionals, we limit our analysis to this type of help seeking, although we recognize that people seek help in a variety of less formal ways. In addition, because help seeking is often an important step toward resolving numerous problems in living, it is a crucial link in the chain of effective health care service delivery. The study of men's help seeking thus has direct implications for bettering men's and women's lives, reducing national health care costs, and developing effective interventions informed by a psychology of gender. 1 It also exemplifies some of the critical theoretical and methodological issues facing the psychology of men and masculinity more generally.To provide a context for addressing these issues, we begin by briefly reviewing the literature on sex differences in seeking help for a variety of problems in living. We then consider theory and research on the relationships between masculine gender-role socialization and help seeking. We evaluate the ability of both bodies of work (a) to contribute to the development of coherent theoretical frameworks that specify the psychosocial processes governing men's help seeking, and (b) to provide a useful theoretic...

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Section: Masculine Gender-role Socialization and Help Seekingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking.

Addis¹,

Mahalik²

2003

American Psychologist

2,141

135

1,997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Certain help-seeking behaviors may be in conflict with individuals' gender-specific roles. In fact, adherence to masculine gender roles has been related to negative attitudes toward help seeking (Good, Dell, & Mintz, 1989;Good & Wood, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender-role conflict is a psychological state that stems from negative consequences of masculine role socialization (O'Neil, 1981) and can be understood as a marker of individual differences in role adherence that are a result of the processes of social gendering. The Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS) consists of four subscales-Restrictive Emotionality; Success, Power, and Competition; Restrictive Affectionate Behavior Between Men; and Conflict Between Work and Family (O'Neil, Helms, Gable, David, & Wrightsman, 1986)-and has been related to negative attitudes toward professional help seeking and a lesser likelihood of seeking help from close others, such as family or friends (Good et al, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Gender-Role Conflict to Nonnormative and Self-Stigmatizing Perceptions of Alcohol Abuse and Depression.

Magovcevic¹,

Addis²

2005

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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The aim of this study was to test the theoretical assumption that individuals adhering to proscriptive masculine roles may be more likely to have negative perceptions of mental health problems, which may lower their likelihood of help seeking (M. E. Addis & J. R. Mahalik, 2003). Participants were 120 undergraduate students who completed measures assessing negative perceptions (nonnormativeness and self-stigma) of alcohol abuse and depression and adherence to proscriptive gender roles. Both men and women who endorsed experiences and beliefs associated with proscriptive masculine gender roles were more likely to perceive problems negatively. Alcohol abuse was seen as more self-stigmatizing than depression, but no mean differences emerged in perceptions of normativeness. Findings have implications for the development of gendersensitive interventions aimed at facilitating help seeking.

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“…Par ailleurs, lorsque ces personnes font une telle demande, elles ont tendance à adopter un style didactique, c'est-à-dire à demander des instructions précises sur la façon de résoudre leur problème, alors que les personnes de milieu aisé privilégient plus souvent un style de négociation : l'aide demandée est vue comme un élément visant à faciliter leur démarche de réso-lution de problème (Asser, 1978). La variation de la propension à demander de l'aide selon l'appartenance culturelle et ethnique est également un phénomène documenté (Fortin et Legault, 1994;Ymg et Miller, 1992), tout comme l'influence de caractéristiques individuelles comme l'estime de soi, le site de contrôle, la capacité de parler de soi et les croyances, attentes et attitudes à propos de l'utilité de recourir à une aide extérieure (Tijhuis et collab., 1990;Good, Dell et Mintz, 1989;Nadler, 1983). …”

Section: Les Facteurs Liés Aux Caractéristiques Individuellesunclassified

Pour réussir le recrutement des membres. L’importance des alliances avec la communauté

Turcotte

2005

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En service social, plusieurs interventions visent les personnes défavorisées et marginalisées généralement perçues comme réfractaires, voire hostiles, aux services sociaux. L’intervention de groupe constitue une méthode de choix pour intervenir auprès de ces personnes. En effet, le groupe offre un cadre favorable au développement des compétences et à l’apprentissage de nouveaux comportements. En outre, la force collective qui émerge d’un groupe contribue à atténuer les sentiments d’impuissance et de désespoir. Cependant, en raison de leur méfiance à l’égard des services, le recrutement des membres représente un défi de taille. Ce texte porte sur l’importance des alliances entre les différents intervenants. Après une brève révision des difficultés que pose le recrutement des personnes opprimées ou marginalisées, l’auteur propose un cadre pour analyser la décision d’accepter de l’aide et fournit quelques exemples de stratégies.Marginalised and oppressed populations who are seen as reluctant to help are often served by social work services. Groupwork is a method of choice with these populations; group experience can reduce clients’ denial and facilitate the development of more acceptable ways of dealing with their problems. Furthermore, the 'strength in members' phenomenon in the group can increase their power and their control over their behaviour. However, recruiting members is usually very difficult among these populations. The present article emphasises the importance of partnership to develop effective strategies for recruitment. Some issues of practice with reluctant populations are reviewed, a model of help-seeking is proposed and some examples of strategies for recruiting members are presented

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Male role and gender role conflict: Relations to help seeking in men.

Cited by 299 publications

References 18 publications

Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking.

Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking.

Linking Gender-Role Conflict to Nonnormative and Self-Stigmatizing Perceptions of Alcohol Abuse and Depression.

Pour réussir le recrutement des membres. L’importance des alliances avec la communauté

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