Male, old age and low income to predispose epilepsy in migraineurs

Harnod, Tomor; Wang, Yu-Chiao; Tseng, Chun-Hung

doi:10.1111/eci.12703

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…One such study evaluated the risk of developing subsequent epilepsy when first diagnosed with migraine and found that individuals with migraine and those who had migraine and sleep disorders, cognitive disorders, anxiety or depression were more likely to develop epilepsy than healthy individuals 30 . This cohort was followed-up for a mean period of 12 years, and the relative risk of developing epilepsy was found to be 2.3 times higher in men than in women 31 . Risk was increased by older age, low-income status and comorbidities, especially head trauma.…”

Section: [H2] a Bidirectional Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the risk of developing epilepsy was 4.6 times higher in men with migraine and a history of head trauma than in men with migraine and no history of head trauma 31 . These studies are longitudinal, but only assessed the risk of developing epilepsy in people with migraine and do not provide information on whether or not the relationship is truly bidirectional.…”

Section: [H2] a Bidirectional Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Headache in people with epilepsy

et al. 2021

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Epidemiological estimations indicate that individuals with epilepsy are more likely to experience headaches, including migraine than individuals without epilepsy. Headaches can be temporally unrelated to seizures, or can occur before, during or after an episode; seizures and migraine attacks are mostly not temporally linked. The pathophysiological links between headaches (including migraine) and epilepsy are complex and have not yet been fully elucidated. Correct diagnoses and appropriate treatment of headaches in individuals with epilepsy is essential, as headaches can contribute substantially to disease burden. Here, we review the insights that have been made into the associations between headache and epilepsy over the last 5 years, including information on the pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic variants that link the two disorders. We also discuss the current best practice for the management of headaches co-occurring with epilepsy and highlight future challenges for this area of research. [H1] IntroductionThe hallmark of epilepsy is an enduring predisposition to seizures accompanied by neurobiological, cognitive and psychological comorbidities 1 . Epileptic seizures are defined as the disruption of normal neuronal functioning owing to excessive or synchronous neuronal activity, leading to an epileptic event that is discernible by the person and/or by an observer 1 . An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 estimated that >50 million people worldwide had active epilepsy, that is, they had continuing seizures or were receiving epilepsy treatment 2 .The origin and cause of seizures can vary. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) scheme 3 classifies seizures as either "focal", meaning that seizures originate at a specific location in one hemisphere; "generalised", denoting seizures that engage bilaterally distributed networks; or "unknown", for seizures with an undefined origin. The ILAE classifies epilepsy as either "focal", "generalised", "focal and generalised", or "unknown", depending on the type of seizures that occur 3 . The same scheme also classifies epilepsy according to aetiology, including "structural" (for example, associated with a brain tumour or gliosis), "genetic", "metabolic" (for example, associated with mitochondrial disease), "infectious", "immune" or "unknown" 3 . The category "unknown" includes genetic, metabolic and structural causes that have not yet been identified.Headaches are among the commonest disorders globally -the Global burden of Disease Study 2017 estimated that there were > 3 billion individuals with headache across 195 countries and territories 4 . The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3) 5 distinguishes between primary headaches -including migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias -and secondary headaches, which are attributable to other disorders or substances. TTH, which affects >2 billion people globally 4 , is a poorly defined featureless headache that lacks the characteristic featu...

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Section: [H2] a Bidirectional Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: [H2] a Bidirectional Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%