Male Obesity-related Secondary Hypogonadism – Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications and Management

The prevalence and demographic determinants of blood donors receiving testosterone replacement therapy at a large USA blood service organization

“…The demographic determinants of TRT blood donors in the tested blood centers revealed that these donors are likely to be middle‐aged white and Hispanic males, with average BMI over 30 kg/m 2 (defined as obese) and MAP that was significantly higher than that of their matched controls. As noted, obesity is a risk factor for late‐onset hypogonadism or testosterone deficiency, which may explain the observed differences in BMI values between TRT donors and controls. A previous study, which determined the rates of obesity and BMI in over 1 million blood donors between 2007‐2008, has suggested that about 29% of male donors were obese .…”

COVID-19 and the endocrine system: exploring the unexplored

“…This could again predispose an obese individual to an exaggerated cytokine response in the presence of SARS-CoV-2, manifesting as severe disease and ARDS. In addition, obesity is associated with subclinical hypothyroidism and functional hypogonadism that, at least in part, is mediated by cytokines [16,17]. These could be aggravated amid a pro-inflammatory milieu induced by COVID-19.…”

Significance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and functional hypercorticosolism synd­rome in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Имеются также данные о перекрестном взаимодействии между ожирением и гиперкортицизмом. Другими словами, связанная с ожирением метаболическая дисфункция и провоспалительный статус могут ингибировать гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадную ось и приводить к гипогонадотропному гипогонадизму, который увеличивает накопление висцерального жира [35]. Установлено, что у мужчин с СД 2 типа, страдающих поздним гипогонадизмом (late-onset hypogonadism) и половыми дисфункциями, гиперкортицизм может снижать уровень тестостерона, ингибируя секрецию гипоталамусом гонадотропин-релизинг гормона путем подавления транскрипции его гена [29].…”