“…The design of the VFPC and bulk SMS to target household heads, which was done to improve spousal consent for FP services aligns with recommendations of studies that have suggested male involvement in FP services to boost uptake. 38 , 39 The design of the project to engage religious and community leaders, especially in Northern Nigeria, has been an effective strategy for improving the uptake of modern contraceptive services in Nigeria. 40 All of these contributed to the success of the LUPSS project.…”