Male Infertility: Pathogenetic Significance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defence (Review)

Abstract

The basis of the pathogenesis of male infertility is the processes of peroxide oxidation of biological substrates, especially lipids and proteins. By destroying the sperm membrane, toxic peroxidation products reduce its motility and ability to fertilize the egg, which is determined by a decrease in the number of motile sperm in the ejaculate. These changes lead to complete or partial male infertility. The authors of the review found that is accompanied by a damaging effect on the structural and functional activity of the gonads and is manifested, in particular, by an imbalance in the hormonal background of the male body. Similar effects are characteristic of an increase in the content of reactive Nitrogen species and its metabolites, which cause nitrosative stress, which is also the cause of male hypofertility and is inseparable from the state of oxidative stress. In scientific work it is determined that the accumulation of harmful peroxidation products leads to damage and destruction of sperm DNA, reduced activity of acrosomal enzymes and mitochondrial potential of sperm, reduced overall antioxidant activity. This makes it impossible for an adequate response of the body. Multi component antioxidant defense system resists stress. It is represented by enzymatic and non-enzymatic links, which can neutralize harmful radicals and peroxidation products. It contributes to the full manifestation of reproductive function. The presence of powerful antioxidant properties of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and enzymes of the thiol-disulfide system, which form the enzymatic system of antioxidant protection, as well as selenium, zinc, copper, other trace elements, retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and vitamins as parts of the non-enzymatic system is shown. The efficiency of registration is substantiated thin biochemical shift detectors or complex methods, such as total antioxidant status of sperm or sperm plasma, mitochondrial membrane potential, etc along with simple markers of oxidative stress, such as diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, and metabolites of the Nitrogen Oxide cycle. Given the leading role of oxidative stress in the development of male hypofertility, the prospect of further research is the search for modern means for correction, especially among substances with pronounced redox activity

Effect of Gadolinium Orthovanadate Nanoparticles on Male Rabbits' Reproductive Performance under Oxidative Stress

“…Infertility is noted as a consequence of unbalanced feeding, non-compliance with sanitary conditions and the mode of male use, metabolic disorders, especially vitamin and mineral ones, inflammatory, and infectious processes (Skliarov et al, 2020). The influence of such various factors is marked by an oxidative imbalance in the body of animals, which leads to a decrease in the reproductive capacity and fertilization potential of sperm (Koshevoy et al, 2021). The lack of an adequate response to the increase in the synthesis and accumulation of toxic radicals leads to oxidative stress (OS), which is the cause of male infertility in 95% of cases, while infectious processes and inflammation account for only 5% of cases (Agarwal et al, 2018).…”

“…The causes of infertility cases in domestic animals are similar to human male infertility. Its main factors include Vitamin A deficiency as well as lack of Zinc and Selenium (Koshevoy et al, 2021;Skliarov et al, 2021).…”

Оксидативний Стрес В Інфертильних Чоловіків Із Супутньою Патологією

“…According to modern ideas, the development of pathological processes in the body, in particular related to infertility, is accompanied by a violation of the mechanisms of antioxidant protection of cells [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Intensification of lipid peroxidation leads to the accumulation of toxic products, which leads to a decrease in the body's resistance [3,6,[8][9][10].…”

“…At the same time, the buffer capacity of the antioxidant system (AOC) is quite large and is provided by various components. An important place among the AOC of the cell is occupied by the glutathione system [1,5,[11][12][13].…”

Dynamics of peroxidation processes in male rabbits under experimental LPS-induced oxidative stress

“…Introduction. The cases of reduced male reproductive capacity are explained by an oxidative imbalance in the reproductive system and the influence of toxic radicals on the survival and fertilizing ability of sperm depending on the season and the influence of endogenous factors [1][2][3].…”