Male hypogonadism and its relationship with metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Male hypogonadism, characterized by reduced testosterone levels, and metabolic syndrome have become prevalent, impacting male quality of life. Objective: To explore the relationship between hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome to understand its role in male health. Method: This is an integrative literature review study, with information collection, in the databases of the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PUBMED and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), published in the period between 2018 and 2023. Results: Studies have shown that metabolic syndrome increases the risk of chronic diseases, including hypogonadism. The risk of central hypogonadism is eight times higher in men with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², related to factors such as hyperestrogenism and insulin resistance. Weight loss, especially abdominal loss, negatively influences free testosterone levels, regardless of age. Conclusion: the presence of hypogonadism suggests insulin resistance and metabolic alterations, associated with dysfunctions such as loss of libido and metabolic syndrome. Tests such as CT scans and genital MRI aid in the diagnosis, which includes hormonal, genetic, and ferretin evaluations. Treatment aims to restore testosterone levels, improving quality of life through hormone replacement.