Male germline-specific histones in mouse and man

Churikov, Dmitri; Zalenskaya, Irina A.; Zalensky, Andrei O.

doi:10.1159/000078190

Cited by 71 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…A wide variety of histone modifications and histone variants (ubiquitous and testes specific) have been identified at distinct stages throughout spermatogenesis (7,8,19,24,34). Phosphorylated H2A.X (16, 60) and macroH2A1.2 (26,27,54,57) participate in the assembly of the X and Y chromosomes into facultative heterochromatin at the onset of MSCI but are removed at later stages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The X and Y Chromosomes Assemble into H2A.Z, Containing Facultative Heterochromatin, following Meiosis

Greaves

Rangasamy

Devoy

et al. 2006

Molecular and Cellular Biology

105

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Spermatogenesis is a complex sequential process that converts mitotically dividing spermatogonia stem cells into differentiated haploid spermatozoa. Not surprisingly, this process involves dramatic nuclear and chromatin restructuring events, but the nature of these changes are poorly understood. Here, we linked the appearance and nuclear localization of the essential histone variant H2A.Z with key steps during mouse spermatogenesis. H2A.Z cannot be detected during the early stages of spermatogenesis, when the bulk of X-linked genes are transcribed, but its expression begins to increase at pachytene, when meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) occurs, peaking at the round spermatid stage. Strikingly, when H2A.Z is present, there is a dynamic nuclear relocalization of heterochromatic marks (HP1␤ and H3 di-and tri-methyl K9), which become concentrated at chromocenters and the inactive XY body, implying that H2A.Z may substitute for the function of these marks in euchromatin. We also show that the X and the Y chromosome are assembled into facultative heterochromatic structures postmeiotically that are enriched with H2A.Z, thereby replacing macroH2A. This indicates that XY silencing continues following MSCI. These results provide new insights into the large-scale changes in the composition and organization of chromatin associated with spermatogenesis and argue that H2A.Z has a unique role in maintaining sex chromosomes in a repressed state.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The X and Y Chromosomes Assemble into H2A.Z, Containing Facultative Heterochromatin, following Meiosis

Greaves

Rangasamy

Devoy

et al. 2006

Molecular and Cellular Biology

105

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“…H2A.X, a member of the histone H2A family, is a chromatin component that is expressed at high levels in germ cells, but also in small amounts in somatic cells of other tissues (Tadokoro et al, 2003;Churikov et al, 2004). Association of RCC1 with chromatin is crucial for the control of nucleocytoplasmic transport by Ran guanosine triphosphatase and could provide a mechanism by which GPCRs regulate ␤-arrestin translocation to the nucleus and gene expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel function of β-arrestin2 in the nucleus of mature spermatozoa

Neuhaus

Mashukova

Barbour

et al. 2006

Journal of Cell Science

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A growing number of proteins originally found in endocytic structures of the plasma membrane appear to be able to traffic into the nucleus, but the cellular function of this translocation remains unclear. We have found that β-arrestin2, which typically shows a cytoplasmic localization owing to constitutive nuclear export, appears in the nucleus after stimulation of the G-protein-coupled odorant receptor hOR17-4. In the nucleus, β-arrestin2 was involved in transcriptional regulation as shown by a Gal4-based transactivation assay. Moreover, we discovered that β-arrestin2 and hOR17-4, a receptor known to have a role in sperm-egg communication, colocalize in the midpiece of mature human spermatozoa. Stimulation of hOR17-4 in spermatozoa induced PKA-dependent translocation of β-arrestin2 to the nucleus and nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated MAPKs. Analysis of the interaction partners of β-arrestin2 indicates that odorant receptor signaling in spermatozoa may be important for the regulation of gene expression during the early processes of fertilization.

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“…During chromatin remodelling in late spermatogenesis most somatic histones are replaced by DNA packaging proteins that are specific for germ cell lines (Caron et al 2005). The mature spermatozoa have a high number of histone variants in comparison to the somatic cells and there exist differences between these germ cell-specific histones and those from somatic cells (Baarends and Grootegoed 2003;Churikov et al 2004). For example, the synthesis of RNA is uncoupled from DNA replication.…”

Section: Chromatin Structure In Mammalian Spermmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure and role of mammalian sperm RNA: a review

Bukowska¹,

Kempisty²,

Piotrowska³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The main role of sperm is the delivery of the paternal genome into the oocyte during fertilisation. However, several lines of evidence have indicated that mammalian spermatozoa contribute more than just their DNA, namely, they also deliver a large range of RNA molecules. Microarray analysis has revealed a complex population of 3000 different kinds of messenger RNA that are delivered to oocytes by sperm and ejaculated spermatozoa are estimated to contain about 0.015 pg of total RNA. Some of the transcripts encode proteins crucial for early embryo development. Messenger RNAs from sperm also help to protect the paternal genes, which have an integral role soon after fertilisation. The molecular participation of the oocyte during fertilisation is well understood but the function of the sperm in this process remains unclear. During spermatogenesis the structure of the male haploid genome is permanently modified. Transition proteins (TNPs), protamines (PRMs) and histones (HILS-spermatid specific linker histone) play a unique role in spermatid chromatin compaction. In this review, the structure and role of sperm RNA as well as chromatin organisation during spermatogenesis are discussed.

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Male germline-specific histones in mouse and man

Cited by 71 publications

References 103 publications

The X and Y Chromosomes Assemble into H2A.Z, Containing Facultative Heterochromatin, following Meiosis

The X and Y Chromosomes Assemble into H2A.Z, Containing Facultative Heterochromatin, following Meiosis

Novel function of β-arrestin2 in the nucleus of mature spermatozoa

The structure and role of mammalian sperm RNA: a review

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