Male genital lichen sclerosus

Bunker, C.B.; Shim, Tang Ngee

doi:10.4103/0019-5154.152501

Cited by 80 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…A link between VLS and urinary incontinence was first reported in a study of seven women by Owen and Yell, and in four of the cases the onset of symptoms of LS occurred at the same time as the development of incontinence. The role of urine in the pathogenesis of LS is increasingly well‐recognized . Studies have as yet failed to identify a specific constituent of urine responsible for LS .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric vulval lichen sclerosus: a retrospective study

Ismail

Owen

2019

Clin Exp Dermatol

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Summary Background Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with a predilection for the anogenital region, which mainly affects prepubertal girls and postmenopausal women. The cause is unknown, but a number of potential aetiological factors have been identified. Aim To examine a cohort of patients with prepubertal‐onset vulval LS (VLS) and assess baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, potential precipitating and predisposing factors, and response to treatment. Methods Data were collected from case notes on patients aged < 18 years diagnosed with prepubertal‐onset VLS attending a specialist vulval dermatology service. Data included clinical presentation, comorbidities, family history, therapy and response to treatment. Results In total, 26 paediatric patients were identified. The median age at onset of symptoms was 5 years (range 2–8.5 years). Many previously identified potential aetiological factors for the development of VLS were identified, including family history, trauma, autoimmune disease and hormonal factors. A significant proportion of patients had a history of urinary tract symptoms, including incontinence and urinary tract infection. Most patients responded well to a standard course of induction topical therapy followed by maintenance therapy, but some, including three patients with ongoing urinary incontinence and three postpubertal patients, continued to have active disease. Conclusion A detailed assessment is essential in patients with VLS so that potential predisposing factors and comorbidities can be identified and managed. Urinary incontinence may be implicated in the development of paediatric VLS and may prevent adequate disease control. Paediatric VLS can persist through puberty, thus long‐term follow‐up is advised.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric vulval lichen sclerosus: a retrospective study

Ismail

Owen

2019

Clin Exp Dermatol

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“…In contemporary practice, penile cancer in a male patient circumcised at birth or during childhood is exceedingly rare . Risk factors for penile cancer include human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, MGLSc, lichen planus, human immunodeficiency virus infection, smoking, poor penile hygiene and low socioeconomic status . None of these except MGLSc were present in our case.…”

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confidence: 70%

Recurrent penile squamous cell carcinoma in an elderly circumcised man

et al. 2017

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“…For lichen, association was reported with Epstein–Barr virus—also known as human herpesvirus 4 (67), hepatitis C virus (67, 68), human papillomavirus (67, 69), and human herpesvirus-7 (70), while correlation with H. pylori is controversial (71, 72). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Autoimmunity and Lichen

et al. 2017

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Lichen planus (LP) and lichen sclerosus (LS) are cutaneous-mucous diseases with uncertain epidemiology. Current data, which are likely to be underestimated, suggest a prevalence in the general population of 0.1–4% for cutaneous LP, 1.27–2.0% for oral LP, and 0.1–3.3% for LS. While etiology of lichen is still unknown, clinical and histological evidence show an (auto)immune pathogenesis. Association of lichen with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been investigated in few studies. This association appears better defined in the case of LS, while is more controversial for LP. In both situations, the frequency of the association is higher in females. We review the available literature on the correlation between the different types of lichen and AITD, and the literature on the genetic risk factors which are shared by both conditions. Such data suggest that a common pathogenic mechanism could be the cause for co-occurrence of lichen and AITD, at least in some patients. Additionally, analyzing literature data and in continuity with our previous work on other autoimmune diseases, we suggest that molecular mimicry could trigger both diseases, and thus explain their co-occurrence.

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Male genital lichen sclerosus

Cited by 80 publications

References 91 publications

Paediatric vulval lichen sclerosus: a retrospective study

Paediatric vulval lichen sclerosus: a retrospective study

Recurrent penile squamous cell carcinoma in an elderly circumcised man

Thyroid Autoimmunity and Lichen

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