“…The focus on female fertility is explained by a variety of factors, including the implicit assumption that spouses share identical reproductive interests and behaviors (Greene and Biddlecom 2000), lack of data, quality problems with male fertility data, and the fact that the reproductive age range is less clearly defined for males than for females (Andro and Desgrées du Loû 2009;Estee 2004;Field et al 2016;Greene and Biddlecom 2000;Paget and Timaeus 1994;Ratcliffe, Hill, and Walraven 2000;Zhang 2011). Male fertility data is available in many Western countries through civil registration and vital statistics systems (CRVS), and these have been used in a number of studies on male fertility in developed countries (Brouard 1977;Dudel and Klüsener 2016;Lognard 2010;Tragaki and Bagavos 2014;United Nations 2013;Zhang 2011). However, CRVS systems are deficient in many developing countries, and the collection of fertility data in surveys -especially using full birth histories -has to a large extent focused on females.…”