Male density influences mate searching speed and copulation duration in millipedes (Polydesmida: Gigantowales chisholmi)

Holwell, Gregory I.; Allen, P. J.; Goudie, Frances; Duckett, PE; Painting, Christina J.

doi:10.1007/s00265-016-2145-8

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Studies involving mass in millipedes showed a variation within populations and species [1][2][3][4][5]7] . The present study result questions the finding of larger males copulating for shorter duration in Polydesmidae [8] . It supports male control of the copulation duration in Spirostreptidae [9] .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Allometry of copulation in worm-like millipedes

Cooper¹

2017

J. Entomol. Zool. Stud.

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The prediction that copulation duration is longer when body mass increases was tested in juliform millipedes at the population-level by tabulating and correlating body mass (0.6-8.5g; n=1167) with copulation duration (34-206 min; n=391) in 8 southern African taxa: ord. Spirostreptida fam. Odontopygidae gen. Odontopyge (n=2spp.), Spinotarsus (n=1sp.) and fam. Spirostreptidae gen. Calostreptus (n=1sp.), Doratogonus (n=1sp.); and ord. Spirobolida fam. Trigoniulidae gen. Centrobolus (n=3spp.) collected in 1989 (Zimbabwe) and 1996 (South Africa). Copulation duration and body mass were positively correlated across populations (r=-0.7626, N=11, P=0.006347) and species (r=0.632; N=8; P=0.092734). This study contributes to the allometry of copulation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Allometry of copulation in worm-like millipedes

Cooper¹

2017

J. Entomol. Zool. Stud.

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“…Millipede mating strategy has been described as a kind of scrambled competitive polygyny (Telford and Dangerfield, 1993a;Rowe, 2010;Holwell et al, 2016). This strategy designates males as the more active sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating behaviour and its relationship with morphological features in the millipede Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Julida)

Jovanović¹,

Pavković-Lučić²,

Ilić³

et al. 2017

Turk J Zool

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Although millipedes (Diplopoda) represent one of the most diverse classes of arthropods, data concerning details of their mating behaviour are very scarce. In this work, we explored mating behaviour of the European millipede Pachyiulus hungaricus under laboratory conditions, and its relationship with the size and shape of certain morphological traits. We conducted 3 types of behavioural tests: a mating arena test, a female choice test, and a male choice test. Premating behaviour was "sequenced" in 5 behavioural steps and, together with the duration of copulation, scored in all mating assays. Males were the more active sex in searching for mates, while females were the "choosier" sex. Furthermore, in the choice tests, previous mating partners had significantly more copulations than new ones, thus raising questions about postcopulatory sexual selection in this species. On the other hand, our results indicate that size and/or shape of the tested morphological traits, except for the shape of the male walking legs, were not subject to precopulatory sexual selection. Other sensory domains known to influence courtship behaviour need to be investigated in this regard in P. hungaricus.

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“…The prediction is that individuals in central mating sites, spatially close to alternative sites, should be more likely to move than individuals in isolated sites, and they should move preferentially to nearby sites. The social environment may also be important, so that individual movement should be influenced by the number of potential competitors (i.e., same‐sex individuals) and mating partners (Holwell, Allen, Goudie, Duckett, & Painting, ). The prediction is that individuals should be more likely to leave sites with many competitors and few potential mates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Males, but not females, perform strategic mate searching movements between host plants in a leaf beetle with scramble competition polygyny

Muniz

Baena

Macías-Ordóñez

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Mate searching is assumed to be performed mostly by males, but when females benefit from multiple mating or are under risk of failing to mate, they may also perform mate searching. This is especially important in scramble competition polygynies, in which mate searching is the main mechanism of mate competition. Typically, more mobile individuals are expected to achieve higher mating success because mobility increases their probability of finding mates. If we assume individual movements are mainly explained by mate searching in scramble competition polygynies, we can investigate searching strategies by asking when individuals should leave their location and where they should go. We hypothesize that individuals will leave their locations when mating opportunities are scarce and will seek spatially close sites with better mating opportunities. We tested these hypotheses for males and females of Leptinotarsa undecimlineata, a leaf beetle with scramble competition polygyny in which both sexes are promiscuous. Individuals mate and feed exclusively on Solanum plants, and thus, individual movements can be described as switches between plants. Females were less likely than males to leave isolated plants, and both males and females moved preferentially to neighboring plants. Males were more likely to leave when the local number of females was low, and the number of males was high. They moved to plants with more females, a behavior consistent with a mate searching strategy. Females were more likely to move to plants with fewer males and many females, a behavior consistent with male harassment avoidance. Strategic movement is widely considered in foraging context, but seldom in a mate searching context. Considering that selection to minimize searching costs, maximize mating success, and minimize harassment may be ubiquitous in nature, we argue that strategic movements by mate searching individuals are likely to occur in many species.

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Male density influences mate searching speed and copulation duration in millipedes (Polydesmida: Gigantowales chisholmi)

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Allometry of copulation in worm-like millipedes

Allometry of copulation in worm-like millipedes

Mating behaviour and its relationship with morphological features in the millipede Pachyiulus hungaricus (Karsch, 1881) (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Julida)

Males, but not females, perform strategic mate searching movements between host plants in a leaf beetle with scramble competition polygyny

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