Male date palm flower powder: Effect of incorporation on physico‐chemical, textural, and sensory quality of biscuits

Abstract

This study aims to elucidate the effect of male date palm flower (MDPF) incorporation in the dough properties and biscuit characteristics. Farinograph analysis demonstrated a progressive increase in water absorption (56.85%–61%) and dough stability (1.88–20.25 min) with increasing MDPF quantity due to its wealth in dietary fiber. Biscuit formulations were prepared using 3, 6, and 9% MDPF powder and evaluated for their physico‐chemical, textural, and sensory properties. The results have shown a significant increase (p < .05) in dietary fiber (1.22%–84.81%), protein (7.64%–8.30%), and ash content (1.30%–1.68%) coupled with a darkness increase (77.30–58.52) compared to the control. The textural analysis of doughs and biscuits showed that hardness increased with the increase in MDPF incorporation levels (2.52–5.26 N and 11.32–15.64 N, respectively). The sensory evaluation showed that up to 9% MDPF incorporation, the different sensory attributes were positively correlated, with more appreciation for the 6% fortified‐biscuit. Owing to its nutritional value, the MDPF powder could be used as an ingredient for bakery food products in gastronomy. Practical applications The male date palm flowers (MDPF) are considered as an under‐exploited by‐product as they are discarded or sometimes used in animal feed. However, they present a rich matrix composed mainly of dietary fiber, protein, and minerals. Nowadays, consumers are searching for healthy and novel foods which push the industrials to invent new dietetic formulations using vegetable protein source and dietary fibers. The MDPF incorporation in biscuit formulation might contribute to reducing these vegetable wastes allowing their valorization as a nutritional and functional ingredient at the same time.

The Potential of Using Bisr Date Powder as a Novel Ingredient in Biscuits Made of Wheat Flour Only or Mixed with Barley

“…The findings of this investigation align with the findings of Karra et al [71], who explained that the results of the physical properties of biscuits fortified with date powder were in different percentages (3, 6, and 9%). Increasing the percentage of wheat flour replaced with tamer powder caused an increase in the spread ratio.…”

The Compositional Aspects of Edible Flowers as an Emerging Horticultural Product

“…This introduction has been tested by direct insertion of intact various floral parts (petals, stems, sepals) or by incorporating their extracts or essential oils [21]. Currently, there are several studies that report the functionality of flower phytochemicals when applied in different food formulations, namely in dairy products such as yogurt [22][23][24][25], ice cream [26], or pastry products [27][28][29].…”

Novel Stable Protease Inhibitor from Phoenix dactylifera (L.) Flowers with Antimicrobial and Antitumoral Activities

“…These agro resources have been widely used for production of a tonic drink with antidiabetic and antioxidant effects. Although male date palm flowers are rich in proteins (14.8%) and then constitute available agro resources that can be valorized, it was not described until now as a protease inhibitor source . In this context, the current study reported the purification and biochemical characterization of a new serine protease inhibitor named PIDF from date palm flowers P.…”

“… 7 Separate plants with unisexual inflorescences of staminate or pistillate flowers called “male and female” palms, respectively, characterize this dioecious species. 8 Recently, Karra et al 9 reported that male date palms provide about 1575 tonnes/year of flowers in Tunisia. These agro resources have been widely used for production of a tonic drink with antidiabetic and antioxidant effects.…”

“…Although male date palm flowers are rich in proteins (14.8%) and then constitute available agro resources that can be valorized, it was not described until now as a protease inhibitor source. 9 In this context, the current study reported the purification and biochemical characterization of a new serine protease inhibitor named PIDF from date palm flowers P. dactylifera (L.) as well as the evaluation of its antimicrobial and antitumoral properties.…”