Male circumcision and risk of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections in India

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission

“…The chances of transmission also depends on the type of sexually transmitted infections (STI), as co-infection with genital ulcers have been reported to increase the chances of transmission by increasing the susceptibility to HIV infection which also depends on HIV subtypes efficient (Gray et al, 2001;Mahiane et al, 2009;Limpakarnianarat et al, 1993;Wang, 2009;Xu, 2009). Male circumcision have been documented to decrease the chances of HIV transmission (Mahiane et al, 2009;Lavreys et al, 1999;Gray et al, 2000;Reynolds et al, 2004;Gray et al, 2007;Donoval et al, 2006), but this also depends on the country (Ben et al, 2008;Sullivan et al, 2009;Ruan et al, 2009;Wawer et al, 2009). …”

Novel HIV prevention strategies: The case for Andhra Pradesh

“…In the Indian scenario, circumcision was strongly protective against HIV infection among attendees of an STD clinic. [15] In preliminary analyses from a populationbased study in Guntur district, circumcision had the highest population impact on reducing HIV number among urban men. Baseline information on rates of circumcision and the availability of the technique is needed.…”

“…It is important to note that 34% of circumcised men in one STD clinic in Pune self-identiÞ ed as Hindu. [15] Qualitative data on barriers to acceptance would guide development of communication messages and help in sensitizing communities. Authorities suggest learning lessons from India's failed vasectomy programme, which could prove valuable in guiding us with providing safe and affordable circumcision services to at-risk segments of the population.…”

Male circumcision and risk of HIV-1 infection

“…Sir -Steven Reynolds and colleagues (Mar 27, p 1039) 1 have recast old data from the Mehendale group in Pune, India, on female-to-male infection with HIV-1. They purport to show a significant reduction in female-to-male infection if the man is circumcised.…”