Male Breast Cancer

Scheike, Ole; Visfeldt, Jakob

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1973.tb03546.x

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…No further management is necessary if the tumor is locally limited without lymph nodes involvement or distant metastases (Scheike -1975). The initial treatment combines local excision and a palliative radiotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klinefelter's Syndrome and Breast Cancer

et al. 2009

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IntroductionIn 1965 Jackson (Jackson et al. -1965) reported an unusually high incidence of Klinefelter's syndrome in man with breast cancer. That observation was confirmed by other reports. Including the case reported in the present paper 28 cases of breast cancer associated with Klinefelter's syndrome have been described. The frequency of breast cancer in this syndrome has been explained by chromosomal abnormalities like the presence of two X chromosomes as well as by gynecomastia. The present report describes hormonal alterations, which might be of influence in this disease. Case reportIn 1978 a 44 year old man was admitted to the department of internal medicine for evaluation of bilateral gynecomastia which has been known since 2 years. At the age of 18 the diagnosis of a hypogonadism with azoospermia was established. Since then a decrease of libido was noticed. He showed no eunuchoid habitus. The axillary and pubic hair were normal, but beard was scanty. The phallus was normally developed. The testes were small with a volume of 5 ml. The diagnosis of a Klinfelter's syndrome was suggested. The chromatin positive buccal smear and the XXY karyotype of the chromosomes confirmed the diagnosis. Plasma levels of LH, FSH and prolactin were measured by RIA-KID'S; standards of MRC 68/40 and 69/ 104 respectively were used for calibration. Plasma testosterone was assayed according the method of Nieschlag. The plasma concentrations were: LH = 45.0 mIU/ml, FSH = 18.0 mIU/ml, prolactin = 8.2 ng/ml and testosterone = 3.0 ng/ml. The values were interpreted as a hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with normal prolactin. The patient was subsequently treated with 250 mg testosterone-enanthate at four weeks intervals.In September 1980 the patient again was admitted to the hospital because of painful left breast with retracted mamilla, which showed secretion since 6 months. The mammography suggested an infiltrating carcinoma of the left breast and a gynecomastia Vera of the right. The histological examination revealed an infiltrating undifferentiated carcinoma of the mamms with a productive fibrosis. The determination of steroidhormone receptors in the tumor tissue was carried out by incubation with tritiated estradiol, progesterone (R 5020), dihydrotestosterone and dexamethasone and separation by agargel electrophoresis. 1 13 fmol of estradiol and 45 fmol progesterone were bound per mg cytoplasmatic protein. Both values are above the normal range. Androgenand corticosteroidreceptors could not be detected. andrologia 14 (1982) 318 R. Ries et al.For the evaluation of distant metastases a chest x-ray, an ultrasonogram of the abdomen and the bone scan were performed. No metastases could be detected. The axillary nodes were free. According to the staging classification the tumor had a TI NoMo status. All laboratory data except of the sedimention rate were in the normal range. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was not elevated. Postoperative radiation therapy was given for one month with a total tumor dose of 46 gy.During a testosterone in...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klinefelter's Syndrome and Breast Cancer

et al. 2009

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“…The most common presentations are painless palpable mass, skin ulceration, and nipple retraction or discharge in approximately 75% of the cases, similar to women (7,(50)(51)(52)(53). Since the breast tissue in men is undersized, the nipple is mostly involved at early stages.…”

Section: Symptoms Clinical Signs and Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The staging of the disease during presentation is as follows on the basis of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) system presented by the largest case series in the literature: Stage 1: 37%, stage II: 21%, stage III: 33%, stage IV: 9% (51,52,60,61). While the period between disease onset and diagnosis was 29 months in the past (62), this period has been reduced to 6 months in the newer series (63).…”

Section: Symptoms Clinical Signs and Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Breast Cancer

Yalaza¹,

2016

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IntroductionOver the past two decades, major improvements have been achieved in the understanding of breast cancer, and cure can be offered if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage. However, the disease is more often diagnosed at more advanced stages (3 or 4) in men, in contrast to women. Its rarity among men as well as lack of awareness leads to its detection at later stages. Randomized studies cannot be carried on due to the low incidence of breast cancer in males, with only a few published prospective therapeutic studies in the literature. While the information on male breast cancer (MBC) was obtained from retrospective studies, the recommendations for treatment were derived from studies conducted on female breast cancer (1). This review presents the frequency, etiology, clinical-pathological characteristics and treatment approaches for the rare MBC. Epidemiology-EtiologyMale breast cancer is rare and constitutes 0.5-1% of all patients with breast cancer. The reason of the low incidence rate in men is the relatively low amount of breast tissue along with the difference in their hormonal environment. Even though breast tissue is less in men as compared to women, the factors that influence malignant changes are similar. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) Program reported that the incidence of breast cancer was highest at ages 52-71 during 1973-2000, whereas the peak incidence in males was 71 years (2). In fact, some authors state that MBC imitate the behavioral pattern of post-menopausal female breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer in males and females has increased in the past 25 years. International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR) emphasized this increase and stated that the incidence of female breast cancer increased by 20%, while breast cancer-related deaths increased by 14%. The SEER data also showed that the rate that was 1.1 for 100.000 men in the mid-1970s and raised to 1.44 for 100.000 men by 2010 (3). In USA, 2240 men were diagnosed with breast cancer within the year 2013. The lifetime rate of diagnosis with male breast cancer is 1 in 1000. According to the IACR Turkey data, 0.37% of all cancer types among males are breast cancer (4, 5). IACR has published its new cancer estimates for the year 2012. The most recent cancer estimates for 28 cancer types in 184 countries, which record cancer data, have been made available for users on the GLOBOCAN 2012 website (6).The rate of presentation with advanced stage breast cancer has been decreasing in men. As a matter of fact, a study conducted in 1995 reported the rate of Stage 1-2 disease on diagnosis as 70%, whereas it was reported as 67% in 2010 and 82% in 2015 (7-9). MBC constitutes less than 1% of male cancers and it has a varying rate of incidence across different geographies and ethnic groups (10, 11). Its annual prevalence in Europe is 1 in 10.000 men and these cases constitute less than 1% of all patients with breast cancer (4). However, this rate is above 6% in Central African countries (12). This relatively hig...

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“…Some additional breast malignancies described in men were infl ammatory, lobular, papillary, ductal cancer in situ, and atypical hyperplasia of ductal epithelium (Giordano et al 2004 ). Some observations of tubular cancer characterized with high differentiation and good prognosis were published (Scheike 1975 ). Single instances of breast sarcomas in men were described.…”

Section: Epidemiology Etiology Development and Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 18-54 % of patients develop remote metastases after the treatment of local types of cancer (Scheike 1975 ;Ostrovskaya et al 1988 ;Letyagin 2006 ;Contractor et al 2008 ;Korde et al 2010 ). Based on studies of invasion of breast carcinoma into blood vessels, Akimov ( 1992 ) reported that the incidence is less in men than in women (9.1 % vs. 15.3 %, respectively).…”

Section: Distant Metastasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Male Breast Cancer

Sencha¹

2015

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Male Breast Cancer

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Klinefelter's Syndrome and Breast Cancer

Klinefelter's Syndrome and Breast Cancer

Male Breast Cancer

Imaging of Male Breast Cancer

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