Male-Biased microRNA Discovery in the Pea Aphid

Liu, Xiaomi; Culbert, Erica L.; Brisson, Jennifer A.

doi:10.3390/insects12060533

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Dosage compensation may also differ between tissues (Nozawa et al 2013, Vensko andStone 2015), which would explain why the Drosophila X is enriched in male-biased genes expressed in the brain, but shows no excess or even a deficit of male-biased genes for all other tissues (Huylmans et al 2015). Given the scarce knowledge of dosage compensation and MSCI in aphids (the only four studies that analyzed gene expression in aphid males were performed on whole individuals, Jaquiéry et al 2013, Mathers et al 2019, Liu et al 2021, Ziabari et al 2022, we were not able to account for these factors in our theoretical predictions. Thus, we focused primarily on testing predictions assuming sexual antagonism, but explored the presence of dosage compensation (and MSCI to a lesser extent) on the tissue-specific transcriptomes collected for this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masculinization of the X-chromosome in aphid soma and gonads

Jaquiéry¹,

Simon²,

Robin³

et al. 2022

Peer Community Journal

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Males and females share essentially the same genome but differ in their optimal values for many phenotypic traits, which can result in intra-locus conflict between the sexes. Aphids display XX/X0 sex chromosomes and combine unusual X chromosome inheritance with cyclical parthenogenesis. Theoretical and empirical works support the hypothesis that the large excess of male-biased genes observed on the aphid X chromosome compared to autosomes evolved in response to sexual conflicts, by restricting the products of sexually antagonistic alleles to the sex they benefits. However, whether such masculinization of the X affects all tissues (as expected if it evolved in response to sexual conflicts) or is limited to specific tissues remains an open question. Here, we measured gene expression in three different somatic and gonadic tissues of males, sexual females and parthenogenetic females of the pea aphid. We observed a masculinization of the X in each of the studied tissues, with male-biased genes being 2.5 to 3.5 more frequent on the X than expected. We also tested the hypothesis that gene duplication can facilitate the attenuation of conflicts by allowing gene copies to neo-or sub-functionalize and reach sex-specific optima. As predicted, X-linked copies of duplicated genes having their other copies on autosomes were more frequently male-biased (40.5% of the genes) than duplicated autosomal genes (6.6%) or X-linked single-copy genes (32.5%). These results highlight a peculiar pattern of expression of X-linked genes in aphids at the tissue level and provide further support for sex-biased expression as a mechanism to attenuate intra-locus sexual conflicts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masculinization of the X-chromosome in aphid soma and gonads

Jaquiéry¹,

Simon²,

Robin³

et al. 2022

Peer Community Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dosage compensation may also differ between tissues (Nozawa et al 2013, Vensko and Stone 2015), which would explain why the Drosophila X is enriched in male-biased genes expressed in the brain, but shows no excess or even a deficit of male-biased genes for all other tissues (Huylmans et al 2015). Given the scarce knowledge of dosage compensation and MSCI in aphids (the only four studies that analyzed gene expression in aphid males were performed on whole individuals, Jaquiéry et al 2013, Mathers et al 2019, Liu et al 2021, Ziabari et al 2022), we were not able to account for these factors in our theoretical predictions. Thus, we focused primarily on testing predictions assuming sexual antagonism, but explored the presence of dosage compensation (and MSCI to a lesser extent) on the tissue-specific transcriptomes collected for this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the scarce knowledge of dosage compensation and MSCI in aphids (the only four studies that analyzed gene expression in aphid males were performed on whole individuals, Jaquiéry et al 2013, Mathers et al 2019, Liu et al 2021, Ziabari et al 2022, we were not able to account for these factors in our theoretical predictions. Thus, we focused primarily on testing predictions assuming sexual antagonism, but explored the presence of dosage compensation (and MSCI to a lesser extent) on the tissue-specific transcriptomes collected for this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masculinization of the X-chromosome in aphid soma and gonads

Jaquiéry

Simon

Robin

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Males and females share essentially the same genome but differ in their optimal values for many phenotypic traits, which can result in intra-locus conflict between the sexes. Aphids display XX/X0 sex chromosomes and combine unusual X chromosome inheritance with cyclical parthenogenesis. Theoretical and empirical works support the hypothesis that the large excess of male-biased genes observed on the aphid X chromosome compared to autosomes has evolved in response to sexual conflicts, by restricting the product of a sexually antagonistic allele to the sex it benefits. However, whether such masculinization of the X affects all tissues (as expected if it evolved in response to sexual conflicts) or reflects tissue specificities (which would contradict the sexual conflict hypothesis) remains an open question. To address it, we measured gene expression in different somatic and gonadic tissues of males, sexual females and parthenogenetic females of the pea aphid. We observed a masculinization of the X at the tissue-level, with male-biased genes being 2.5 to 3.5 more frequent on the X than expected. We also tested the hypothesis that gene duplication can facilitate the attenuation of conflicts by allowing gene copies to neo- or sub-functionalize and reach sex-specific optima. As predicted, X-linked copies of duplicated genes having their other copies on autosomes were more frequently male-biased (40.5% of the genes) than duplicated autosomal genes (6.6%) or X-linked single-copy genes (32.5%). These results highlight a peculiar pattern of expression of X-linked genes in aphids at the tissue level and provides further support for sex-biased expression as a mechanism to attenuate intra-locus sexual conflicts.

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Yellow–green color polymorphism in males of a pea aphid clone and its genetic pattern

Akimoto

2022

Entomological Science

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Although most aphid species living on leaves have a green body color, little is known regarding the biosynthetic pathways of green pigments. We found that a clone of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) produced both green‐ and yellow‐colored males. The females of this clone were green in color, while 8.4% of the males produced were yellow. To date, yellow body color has been reported only in a single mutant clone in A. pisum. To explore the genetic pattern of yellow body color, green or yellow males were mated with green females of the same clone. The hatchability of the eggs sired by yellow males (26.2%) was less than half that of the eggs sired by green males (79.0%). The hatched foundresses of both groups were all green, with no yellow foundresses. Because aphids have an XX‐XO sex determination system, color polymorphism in males suggests that male body color may be governed by an X‐linked locus. If females possess heterozygosity at the putative locus, they can produce alternative phenotypes in males. The small proportion of yellow males and absence of yellow foundresses imply that the allele responsible for yellow body color has a deleterious effect. The present study suggests that this clone could be used to elucidate the biosynthetic pathways and underlying genetics of green pigments in aphids.

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Male-Biased microRNA Discovery in the Pea Aphid

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Masculinization of the X-chromosome in aphid soma and gonads

Masculinization of the X-chromosome in aphid soma and gonads

Masculinization of the X-chromosome in aphid soma and gonads

Yellow–green color polymorphism in males of a pea aphid clone and its genetic pattern

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