Male-biased effective sex ratio across populations of the threatened Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae)

Segalla, Rosane; Pinheiro, Fábio; Barônio, Gudryan Jackson; Morellato, Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira

doi:10.1007/s11258-021-01127-3

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In fact, phenological research can help evaluate, manage, and mitigate the consequences of land use change and other natural and anthropogenic disturbances (Morellato et al, 2016), all key factors in accelerating the decline of Zamia spp. in South America (Segalla et al, 2019; Segalla, Pinheiro, Barônio, & Morellato, 2021). Thus, understanding the processes that influence individual phenology and interactions within populations is critical not only to ensure the viability of these plant populations but also for the conservation of communities and ecosystems (Morellato et al, 2016; Segalla et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cycad Z. boliviana is found within the intertropical zone in the central portion of South America (Figure 1). Z. boliviana is restricted to an area along the border between Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, and Santa Cruz) and the State of Mato Grosso (MT), in Brazil (Figure 1), where elevation ranges from 130 m to 450 m above sea level and landscape is covered by different types of Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) vegetation (Segalla, Pinheiro, Barônio, & Morellato, 2021; Stevenson, 2004). The study area is characterized by high solar radiation incidence throughout the year (SEPLAN, 2000) and an equatorial and tropical hot climate, with little seasonal or annual temperature variation (Köppen, 1918; Kottek et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Z. boliviana populations studied were found mainly in Cerrado woodlands, also known as Cerrado sensu stricto (hereafter referred to as Cerrado), in sandy to rocky, well‐drained oxisol, entisol, inceptisol, ultisol, and litolic soils, associated with rocky outcrops, generally characterized as alkaline, with low native fertility (SEPLAN, 2000; Skelley & Segalla, 2019). In the frontier border regions of Brazil–Bolivia, the cycad habitat of the cycad is relatively flat or exhibits minor topographical changes (Segalla, Pinheiro, Barônio, & Morellato, 2021; SEPLAN, 2000). Other habitats occur on slopes with the formation of deep valleys of the region of Chapada dos Guimarães, in the State of Mato Grosso (SEPLAN, 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other habitats occur on slopes with the formation of deep valleys of the region of Chapada dos Guimarães, in the State of Mato Grosso (SEPLAN, 2000). Z. boliviana forms clumps of individuals of both “sexes,” with different densities and reproductive ages (Segalla, Pinheiro, Barônio, & Morellato, 2021). Most of the populations of Z. boliviana populations have been destroyed or suffered drastic reductions in size across their distribution, mainly due to the intense Cerrado fragmentation caused by the expansion of agricultural lands and agribusiness activities in both countries (Segalla, Pinheiro, Barônio, & Morellato, 2021; Skelley & Segalla, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. DC. (Cycadales, Zamiaceae), a cycad species native to Cerrado habitats in Bolivia and Central Brazil (Segalla, Pinheiro, Barônio, & Morellato, 2021; Segalla, Pinheiro, & Morellato, 2021). Our objective was to describe the reproductive phenology of two populations of Z. boliviana and compare the lifespan of polliniferous and ovuliferous strobili.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenology of Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae), a threatened species from a seasonally dry biodiversity hotspot in South America

Segalla

Pinheiro

Barônio

et al. 2021

Plant Species Biology

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Dioecy, a character common to all cycads, requires obligatory outcrossing. The absence of potential reproductive mates of the opposite sex renders individuals effectively sterile. Therefore, reproductive synchrony is essential for the reproductive success of cycads. Here, we describe the reproductive phenology, morphology, and lifespan of strobili of Zamia boliviana (Cycadales, Zamiaceae), an endemic

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Phenology of Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae), a threatened species from a seasonally dry biodiversity hotspot in South America

Segalla

Pinheiro

Barônio

et al. 2021

Plant Species Biology

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Sex‐specific differences in reproductive life‐history traits of the moss Weissia jamaicensis

Santos

Pôrto

Pinheiro

2022

American J of Botany

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Premise: We investigated sex-specific differences in the life-history traits of a metapopulation of the dioicous moss Weissia jamaicensis. Field observations revealed high rates of fertilization, which is uncommon for most dioicous bryophytes. We raised four hypotheses associated with the way the reproductive traits are related to the fertilization rate in this metapopulation. Methods: We sampled 10 patches of the metapopulation and quantified sexual expression, sex ratio, reproductive success, and reproductive allocation. The ramets were classified as male, non-sporophytic female, sporophytic female, or non-sexexpressing. Thirty ramets from each of the categories expressing sex were placed for regeneration to test the effect of reproductive allocation on this trait. Results: We found greater expression of the female function in all patches, implying a female bias in the metapopulation. The number of male ramets was variable in each patch and did not affect reproductive success. At the prezygotic level, the allocation of resources to the male function was higher. However, the large allocation of resources to sporophyte development in sporophytic females, which exceeded allocations at prezygotic levels, was related to the higher mortality rate of these ramets, suggesting reproductive cost. Conclusions: The prezygotic ramets that allocated the greatest amount of resources to reproduction expressed sex less frequently, biasing the sex ratio toward the sex that allocated the least amount of resources to reproduction. Overall, the ramets that allocated the greatest amount of resources to reproduction had the lowest regeneration rate, suggesting reproductive cost.

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Density dependence on male sexual expression in metapopulations of a tropical moss: a monoicous species almost dioicous

Santos

Pôrto

Bordin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Life-history variables such as reproductive allocation, sexual expression, sex ratio, and reproductive success, are central aspects of a species' ecology and evolution. For example, biases in male and female sex expression may play a large role in determining the viability of populations in the face of environmental pressures such as population fragmentation, climate change and habitat occupancy. Thus, in this study, we investigated reproductive traits in 10 metapopulations of Fissidens flaccidus Mitt. From each metapopulation, 30 patches were randomly selected, and samples were collected from each patch of 1cm2. A total of 20173 ramets were analyzed and classified into male, non-sporophytic female, sporophytic female, and non-sex expressing. In addition, population density in each patch was quantified. Our results showed that relative reproductive allocation in perigonia and sporophytes is greater than perichaetia. In addition, a trade-off between sexual relative reproductive allocation and asexual gemma production was observed, suggesting an important role of female ramets in asexual reproduction. The number of male ramets does not influence the reproductive success observed in each patch, and ramet density may induce male sex expression. Thus, we concluded that reproductive allocation in male function is efficient, since fewer male ramets can assure a considerable reproductive success. Furthermore, our results suggest that there may be a habitat preference between the sexes, since male ramets are found in patches with high density and mostly below female ramets, suggesting an avoidance of direct sunlight by male ramets.

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Male-biased effective sex ratio across populations of the threatened Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae)

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Phenology of Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae), a threatened species from a seasonally dry biodiversity hotspot in South America

Phenology of Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae), a threatened species from a seasonally dry biodiversity hotspot in South America

Sex‐specific differences in reproductive life‐history traits of the moss Weissia jamaicensis

Density dependence on male sexual expression in metapopulations of a tropical moss: a monoicous species almost dioicous

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