Male and Female Strength Capabilities for Operating Aircraft Controls

McDaniel, Joe W.

doi:10.21236/ada098256

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Some used male participants or did not specifically reference females, for example Dunlap (1948), Hertzberg and Burke (1971), Kroemer (1971), Thorsden, Kroemer, Laubach (1972), andMcDaniel (1995). Specific attention was given to females as an important reference population in other studies, including Karim, et al (1972), Leeper, Hasbrook and Purswell (1973), Laubach (1976), Diffrient, Tilley, and Harman (1981), Schopper and Mastroianni (1987), Lyons (1991), McDaniel (1981, Shender (1995), Meyer, Pokorski, and Ortel (1996), Beringer (2006), Beringer, Ball, and Haworth (2007), Beringer (2008) and Beringer (2009). However, there has not been a recent large-scale study of human strength as applied specifically to aircraft controls.…”

Section: Other Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Muscular Forces That Can be Applied to Flight Controls

Beringer

Joslin

2019

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Excessive pilot flight-control forces have been identified as a causal factor in aircraft accidents, incidents, and anomalous events. However, the regulatory design requirements for fixed-wing and rotary-wing air-craft that are contained in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) have not been validated or updated in decades, and data for some specific situations were never included in the specifications. Results are presented for a recent study of over 300 participants categorized by gender, pilot/nonpilot status, and age group (10-year brackets from 18 through 69). Controls examined included sticks (left, center, right), yoke, rudder pedals (left, right), and helicopter collective. Results indicated that, on average, more than half of the sample could not achieve the short-term tabled forces used as reference points. However, more than half (60 to 87%) were able to sustain the prescribed long-term forces for 4 minutes or more in some control axes. It is recommended that reference tables both internal to the CFR and referenced by the CFR be modified to accommodate a larger percentage of the current user population.

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Section: Other Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Muscular Forces That Can be Applied to Flight Controls

Beringer

Joslin

2019

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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“…In 1981, each military branch was directed to develop a health and physical readiness program designed to enhance the physical fitness, health, and life style of all active duty personnel, not just recruits. Until such programs have been evaluated, several examples of training courses can be cited that have been effective in improving women's upper and lower torso dynamic strength, aerobic fitness, and endurance (Marcinik & Hodgdon, 1982) as well as the strength capabilities of Navy women recruits (Robertson, 1981), male and female Air Force pilots (McDaniel, 1981), and Army enlisted women (Murphy & Nemmers, 1978;Paragallo, Dousa, & Lince, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health status of women in the U.S. military.

Hoiberg¹

1984

Health Psychology

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This report focused on the major health-related issues concerning women in the military: pregnancy-related conditions, physical injuries and capabilities, and stress-related disorders. The most frequent reason for being hospitalized (21.9% of all hospitalizations) among Navy women who enlisted from 1974-1979 was for a pregnancy-related condition. Comparisons of injury-related hospitalizations indicated that women recruits had the highest rates across occupational groups and pay grades: women assigned to nontraditional jobs had somewhat higher admission rates for injuries than women in traditional jobs. Rates for injury- and stress-related conditions tended to decrease with increasing pay grade levels. Programs designed to improve women's physical conditioning, to enhance their job-related capabilities, and to expand their opportunities have been implemented in all branches of the military.

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“…Strength data for the NASA Constellation program were derived from Mil-Std-1472F and the Occupational and Biomechanics textbook by Chaffin, Andersson, and Martin (1991) (NASA, 2007). Over the years there have been some small-scale surveys focused specifically on civil aircraft design, such as those conducted by Beringer (2007;2008;, Meyer, Pokorski, andOrtel (1996), andMcDaniel (1981). However, there has not been any recent large-scale surveys of human strength/control force.…”

Section: Strength and Control Force Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Anthropometric Databases for Aircraft Design

Joslin

2014

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Presently there is no prescribed anthropometric database provided or specified in the Federal Aviation Regulations, hence aircraft designs often utilize legacy anthropometric databases that may not reflect the target pilot population. This study was an information synthesis of anthropometric databases for aircraft design. The findings indicated that, although most current aviation designs have utilized legacy anthropometric data, there are a sufficient number of valid existing and emerging anthropometric databases that include body dimension measurements and weight/mass measurements compiled from data sets gathered either through large surveys, or statistically derived, that are representative of the target pilot population. Furthermore, new scanning technologies, along with more sophisticated statistical techniques for matching/forecasting target populations from legacy anthropometric databases, have enhanced the ability to effectively and efficiently gather these data on a periodic basis, hence anthropometric data that are not representative of the pilot population should no longer be accepted as a limitation in aircraft design. The one area that demands further study are current data for human-strength/control force measurements. Although there have been some recent small-scale surveys conducted to gather these data, there is a paucity of any current large-scale comprehensive human strength/control force data applicable to aircraft design. .

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Male and Female Strength Capabilities for Operating Aircraft Controls

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluation of Muscular Forces That Can be Applied to Flight Controls

Evaluation of Muscular Forces That Can be Applied to Flight Controls

Health status of women in the U.S. military.

Examination of Anthropometric Databases for Aircraft Design

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