MALDI-TOF MS identification of <i>Prototheca</i> algae associated with bovine mastitis

Fidelis, Carlos Eduardo; Franke, Manoela; Abreu, Letícia Cassano Rodrigues de; Jagielski, Tomasz; Ribeiro, Márcio Garcia; Santos, Marcos Veiga dos; Gonçalves, Juliano Leonel

doi:10.1177/10406387211036459

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In Brazil, mastitis was first described in 1992 in cows with chronic clinical mastitis in the interior of the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil [42]. Subsequently, the algae has been described in several states of the country with expressions in milk production, mainly in clinical, chronic cases, in rural properties with excess humidity and organic matter in the milking environment and deficiency in the practice of milking [6,7,23,24]. Currently, it is estimated that breast infections by Prototheca in the country occur in between 5 and 10% of clinical cases, and have been considered one of the main agents of cases of environmental mastitis [5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Activity of Quaternary Ammonium in Prototheca Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Identified by Mass Spectrometry and PCR Sequencing of the cytb Gene Marker

Arabe Filho,

Jagielski,

Proskurnicka

et al. 2023

Animals

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The in vitro algaecide activity of quaternary ammonium (QA) against Prototheca isolated from bovine clinical mastitis was investigated, in which the clinical severity was scored, milk samples were subjected to microbiological culture, and algal species were identified by molecular typing. A total of 4275 milk clinical samples of different cows from ten large dairy farms were used. Forty-four (1%) samples of cows from three dairy farms yielded growth of Prototheca, of which 88.6% (39/44) were identified as Prototheca bovis and 11.3% (5/44) as Prototheca sp. by MALDI-TOF MS, whereas 100% of the isolates were identified as P. bovis using PCR sequencing of the cytb gene. Among cows for which clinical severity scoring was available, 78.8% (26/33) and 21.2% (7/33) had mild and moderate infections, respectively, whereas no animal showed severe clinical signs. The algaecide activity of QA in Prototheca was observed in low concentrations among all isolates, in 20.4% (9/44) at 35 ppm, 36.4% (16/44) at 17 ppm, and 43.2% (19/44) at an 8 ppm, in addition to activity on three reference Prototheca strains. Overall, the study highlights the predominance of P. bovis as the causative agent of algal mastitis in bovines. Prototheca induced abnormalities preponderantly in the milk and mammary gland tissue of cows, and to our knowledge, our study is the first to apply clinical severity scoring in protothecal mastitis. In addition, the study underlines the activity of QA in low concentrations against Prototheca, indicating its potential use as an antiseptic/disinfectant in milking facilities and dairy environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bovine mastitis is the most common clinical manifestation of protothecosis among domestic animals [1]. An increasing occurrence of intramammary protothecosis has been reported in several countries [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], including those having modern dairy herds with well-controlled management of contagious agents [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Activity of Quaternary Ammonium in Prototheca Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Identified by Mass Spectrometry and PCR Sequencing of the cytb Gene Marker

Arabe Filho,

Jagielski,

Proskurnicka

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…are saprophytic, eucaryotic, unicellular microalgae that infect humans [41] and domestic animals, although bovine clinical mammary infections with chronic evolution, represent the main manifestation of protothecosis in domestic species [42,43]. A recent taxonomic reclassification of the algae in 14 species has been proposal based on mitochondrial cytB gene, where P. bovis and, less frequently, P. blaschkeae, are recognized as the main algae-related bovine mastitis species worldwide [43], including in Brazil [44,45]. Nonetheless, to date, none therapeutic protocol has been considered effectiveness to treat protothecal mammary infections [46], which has motivated a set of in vitro studies evaluating the algaecidal effect of different compounds, including antimicrobials, antifungal, sanitizer, natural extracts, essential oils, nanoparticles, and herbicides [44,47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Microbiota of Clinical Mastitic Cows: An Etiological Approach

Lucheis¹,

Salina²,

Joaquim³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Bovine mastitis is the most impacting disease of dairy industry, and it is characterized by a complexity of causal agents, which have revealed a geographical variation among regions and countries. The mastitis-related pathogens have been traditionally classified as contagious or environmental, based on habits of the microorganisms and transmission routes. In addition, the severity of mammary infections has been associated with the virulence of the pathogens, and immune and nutritional status of the hosts. Considering this scenario, we investigated the etiological nature, clinical severity scores, and days in milk (DIM) data in 4,273 clinical cases of bovine mastitis among ten large-dairy farms located in the Southeast region of Brazil. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (283/4,273=6.6%), Escherichia coli (190/4,273=4.4%), Prototheca spp. (112/4,273=2.6%), and Streptococcus uberis (95/4,273=2.2%) were the predominant pathogens isolated, all from the environmental origin. Among 4,273 clinical cases, clinical gravity score was available in 43.8% (1,871/4,273) animals. From these, 69.8% (1,306/1,871), 27.3% (510/1,871) and 2.9% (55/1,871) were scored as mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. Most of isolation of pathogens were observed in the first 100 days in milk, and their clinical severity scored as mild (3,612/4,273=84.5%). Our results contribute to the etiological identification, clinical severity scoring, and milking aspects of bovine clinical mastitis in dairy farms with a history of clinical mammary infections.

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“…Fidelis et al [ 213 ] evaluated MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of Prototheca; yeast-like microalgae causing mastitis in dairy cattle, which are also nonresponsive to intramammary or systemic treatment with conventional antimicrobial agents, forcing the segregation and early culling of animals. MALDI-TOF identified 22 of 27 P. bovis and 3 of 4 P. blaschkeae isolates with scores of >2.0.…”

Section: Advances In Diagnostic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Management in Bovine Mastitis

Kour

Sharma

Balaji

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Mastitis causes huge economic losses to dairy farmers worldwide, which largely negatively affects the quality and quantity of milk. Mastitis decreases overall milk production, degrades milk quality, increases milk losses because of milk being discarded, and increases overall production costs due to higher treatment and labour costs and premature culling. This review article discusses mastitis with respect to its clinical epidemiology, the pathogens involved, economic losses, and basic and advanced diagnostic tools that have been used in recent times to diagnose mastitis effectively. There is an increasing focus on the application of novel therapeutic approaches as an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy because of the decreasing effectiveness of antibiotics, emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, issue of antibiotic residues in the food chain, food safety issues, and environmental impacts. This article also discussed nanoparticles’/chitosan’s roles in antibiotic-resistant strains and ethno-veterinary practices for mastitis treatment in dairy cattle.

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MALDI-TOF MS identification of Prototheca algae associated with bovine mastitis

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

In Vitro Activity of Quaternary Ammonium in Prototheca Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Identified by Mass Spectrometry and PCR Sequencing of the cytb Gene Marker

In Vitro Activity of Quaternary Ammonium in Prototheca Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Identified by Mass Spectrometry and PCR Sequencing of the cytb Gene Marker

Milk Microbiota of Clinical Mastitic Cows: An Etiological Approach

Advances in Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Management in Bovine Mastitis

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