Maldi time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers

Nielen, Michel W. F.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2787(1999)18:5<309::aid-mas2>3.3.co;2-c

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

1999

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2787(1999)18:5<309::aid-mas2>3.3.co;2-c

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Maldi time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers

Michel W. F. Nielen

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Cited by 125 publications

(159 citation statements)

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“…M atrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry [1][2][3][4] has become an important technique to characterize the chemical structure of many different analytes, including industrial polymer materials [5][6][7][8][9][10]. MALDI can generate important data on the telomer repeat units, end groups, and average molecular weights of these materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extending the solvent-free MALDI sample preparation method

Hanton

Parees

2005

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

112

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is an important technique to characterize many different materials, including synthetic polymers. MALDI mass spectral data can be used to determine the polymer average molecular weights, repeat units, and end groups. One of the key issues in traditional MALDI sample preparation is making good solutions of the analyte and the matrix. Solvent-free sample preparation methods have been developed to address these issues. Previous results of solvent-free or dry prepared samples show some advantages over traditional wet sample preparation methods. Although the results of the published solvent-free sample preparation methods produced excellent mass spectra, we found the method to be very time-consuming, with significant tool cleaning, which presents a significant possibility of cross contamination. To address these issues, we developed an extension of the solvent-free method that replaces the mortar and pestle grinding with ball milling the sample in a glass vial with two small steel balls. This new method generates mass spectra with equal quality of the previous methods, but has significant advantages in productivity, eliminates cross contamination, and is applicable to liquid and soft or waxy analytes. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2005, 16, 90 -93)

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confidence: 99%

Extending the solvent-free MALDI sample preparation method

Hanton

Parees

2005

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

112

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“…3 These included studies using conventional crystalline matrices to analyse small peptides, 4 carbohydrates, 5 and polymers. 6 As well as producing interference ions, crystalline matrices are also known to have a number of disadvantages for the analysis of low molecular weight compounds in that signal reproducibility may be poor from shot to shot and between samples, and the need to search for a 'sweet-spot' can sometimes be time-consuming. 3 High molecular weight, 7 liquid, 8 inorganic and two-phase matrices 1 have all been utilised to overcome some of these problems.…”

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2B or not 2B, that is the question: further investigations into the use of pencil as a matrix for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation

Langley

Herniman

Townell

2006

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The effective use of pencil as a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) for the study of actinides has previously been demonstrated (Black et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2006; 20: 1053). Here, the scope of the types of molecules amenable to analysis by this method has been extended, establishing that $90% of a library containing 50 diverse small molecules can be successfully analysed by this technique. Further, the role played by the bulk materials present in the different pencil leads has been investigated and a simple one-step deposition of matrix and calibration materials has been achieved through the fabrication of different calibration pencils (Cali-Pens).

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“…With proper matrix and cation selection, spectra can easily be obtained containing molecular ions, with or without cation adducts, of a wide range of common polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide) or polystyrene (PS) [1][2][3]. From the MALDI spectrum, one can usually determine the average molecular weight of the bulk sample and specific molecular weights of oligomers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization and relative ionization efficiencies of end-functionalized polystyrenes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

Cox

Johnston

Dasgupta

2003

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The properties and relative ionization efficiencies of a series of polystyrenes (PS) with hydroxyl, hydrogen, tertiary amine, and quaternary amine end-functionalities were examined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The hydrogen and hydroxyl functionalized PS ionized via attachment of a single Ag ϩ cation, as expected. However, tertiary amine PS oligomers were found in (M Ϫ H) ϩ and (M ϩ H) ϩ forms, in addition to M ϩ Ag ϩ , while the quaternary amine PS oligomers only ionized to the M ϩ form. Analysis of tertiary amine PS spectra revealed varying ratios of the three ionic forms depending on the oligomer length, pointing to a change in ionization efficiency. When the bulk samples were compared, the quaternary amine end-functionalized PS gave a ten-fold higher ionization efficiency over all others studied, likely because of the preexisting charge on the functionality. Samples with hydroxyl and hydrogen functionalities had similar ionization efficiencies, with the tertiary amine slightly higher, depending on the molecular weight. Changes in molecular weight affected the relative ionization efficiencies in varying fashion depending on the end functionality, though average molecular weight measurements were largely unaffected by end-functionality. Quantification of end-functionalized polystyrenes with different ionization efficiencies was found to be possible if due care was taken. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2003, 14, 648 -657)

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Maldi time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers

Cited by 125 publications

References 0 publications

Extending the solvent-free MALDI sample preparation method

Extending the solvent-free MALDI sample preparation method

2B or not 2B, that is the question: further investigations into the use of pencil as a matrix for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation

Characterization and relative ionization efficiencies of end-functionalized polystyrenes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

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