MALDI Profiling and Applications in Medicine

Abstract

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry allows for the rapid profiling of different biomolecular species from both biofluids and tissues. Whilst originally focussed upon the analysis of intact proteins and peptides, MALDI mass spectrometry has found further applications in lipidomic analysis, genotyping, micro-organism identification, biomarker discovery and metabolomics. The combining of multiple profiles data from differing locations across a sample, furthermore, allows for spatial distribution of biomolecules to be established utilising imaging MALDI analysis. This chapter discusses the MALDI process, its usual applications in the field of protein identification via peptide mass fingerprinting before focusing upon advances in the application of the profiling potential of MALDI mass spectrometry and its various applications in biomedicine.

Rapid drug detection in whole blood droplets using a desorption electrospray ionization static profiling approach – a proof‐of‐concept

“…Profiling MS mode allows for more flexibility towards the surface of the sample to analyze. Profiling analyses of biological samples were formerly largely reported using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) . To cite but a few, DESI profiling has also already been used for the profiling of intact and untreated bacteria, for the screening of anthocyanins in dry droplets of wine, the screening of amphetamine‐type substances and piperazine analogues, and the screening of drugs of abuse and explosives in a large variety of fabrics .…”

“…Profiling analyses of biological samples were formerly largely reported using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). 1,2 To cite but a few, DESI profiling has also already been used for the profiling of intact and untreated bacteria, 3 for the screening of anthocyanins in dry droplets of wine, 4 the screening of amphetamine-type substances and piperazine analogues, 5 and the screening of drugs of abuse and explosives in a large variety of fabrics. 6 Recently, a DESI high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) profiling method was elaborated for the pharmacokinetic quantification of esomeprazole extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE).…”

A layer-by-layer assembled MoS2 thin film as an efficient platform for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of small molecules

“…3 Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is one of the most efficient analytical tools for profiling biomolecules, providing high-throughput analysis of analytes with both high sensitivity and resolution. 4 However, conventional organic matrices have challenges arising from significant interference in the low mass region required for analysis of metabolites such as amino acids, saccharides and fatty acids. 5 …”

Use of flower‐like gold nanoparticles in time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

“…Mass spectrometry (MS) is an established technique for biomarker identification or quantification of small molecules in various biological samples. Surface‐assisted and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI, MALDI) time‐of‐flight (TOF)MS have become popular and versatile tools for analyses of peptides, proteins and nucleic acids and also various other biomolecules such as lipids, oligonucleotides, carbohydrates, and complex organic natural products and metabolites . However, classical MALDI‐TOFMS has limitations that require consideration and optimization, e.g.…”