Malathion-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats: biochemical and histopathological studies

Flehi-Slim, Imen; Chargui, Issam; Boughattas, Sonia; Mabrouk, Aymen; Belaïd-Nouira, Yosra; Neffati, Fadoua; Najjar, Mohamed Fadhel; Haouas, Zohra; Cheikh, Hassen Ben

doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5014-5

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In the meantime, hepatocyte necrosis in a small lesion with a little of inflammatory cell infiltration in the middle-dose group, as well as edema of hepatocytes in the high-dose group were observed. Similar results had been reported in 2 cases of drug-induced hepatic injury (DILI) (28) and some hepatotoxicity studies of MLT, including histopathological and hematological changes (29)(30)(31). In addition to that, the absolute and relative weights of liver in the high-dose group were increased, which might be induced by the metabolism of MLT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Organophosphorus Pesticide Malathion and Immunotoxicity: A More Sensitive Toxicological Target and Current Recommendations

Lyu

Mao

Xiao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Malathion has been wildly used in agriculture and household pest control for years and can affect human health through drinking water and dietary exposure. This study was to investigate the immunotoxicity of malathion (MLT）on BALA/c mice for the purpose of providing a scientific basis for pesticides registration management of MLT and other pesticides. Methods Female mice were randomly divided into five groups. Both the negative control and the positive control groups of mice were daily gavage with corn oil, and those in the positive control group were intraperitoneal injected with 200 mg/kg bw of cyclophosphamide (CY) 24 h before the end of the study. In the dosage groups, MLT were daily gavage at doses of 16, 65 and 258 mg/kg bw for 30 days, respectively. After exposure, the body weight, the absolute and relative weight of organs, the hematology and clinical chemistry parameters, the splenocyte number, the bone marrow cell classification, histopathology, as well as the cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and non-specific immunity functions of mice were studied. Comparisons between multiple groups were carried out by using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc comparisons tests when equal variances assumed and Dunnett’s T3 post hoc tests when equal variances assumption was not met.ResultsCompared with the negative control group, the low dose of MLT significantly reduced the levels of IL-10, neutrophil, polychromatic erythroblast and monocyte series (P<0.05)，induced atrophy in white pulp of spleen (1/10), which showed an immunosuppression in mice，and increased the absolute and relative weight of thymus (P<0.05). Inhibition of the PFC response, liver injury and thymus atrophy were observed in the high-dose group. What’s more, the IgG level was abnormally elevated with the increase of dose and presented a dose-response relation (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe immunotoxicity of low-dose of MLT is clear from the evidence and the LOAEL of MLT is preliminarily considered to be 16 mg/kg bw. It is much lower than that of the NOAEL (29 mg/kg bw) based on a 2-year chronic toxicity test and carcinogenicity test in rats, which was used to derive the ADI by Joint WHO/FAO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (0.3 mg/kg bw). It indicates that the immune system is a more sensitive target of MLT toxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Organophosphorus Pesticide Malathion and Immunotoxicity: A More Sensitive Toxicological Target and Current Recommendations

Lyu

Mao

Xiao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Many environmental chemicals pose a threat to the liver . We found that cis ‐BF exposure caused areas with balloon‐like changes and immune cell infiltration in the liver (Figure ), implying that oral exposure to cis ‐BF may lead to liver damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Cis -bifenthrin induces immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice

Wang

Gao

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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Bifenthrin (BF) is an important synthetic pyrethroid. Previous studies have demonstrated that cis-BF exhibits toxic effects on development, the neurological, reproductive and endocrine system. In this study, we evaluated the immunotoxicity caused by cis-BF in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were exposed orally to 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/d for 3 weeks. The results showed that body weight, spleen weight, and splenic cellularity decreased in mice exposed to 20 mg/kg/d cis-BF. Additionally, we found that the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, and TNF-α, in peritoneal macrophages, the spleen, and the thymus were inhibited in the cis-BF-treated groups. Moreover, MTT assays demonstrated that cis-BF inhibited splenocyte proliferation stimulated by LPS or Con A, as well as the secretion of IFN-γ on Con A stimulation. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that exposure to cis-BF has the potential to induce immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice.

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“…They found that MAL treatment leads to enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent lipid peroxidation (Durak et al 2009;Bhardwaj et al 2018). It is evident that lipid peroxidation is accompanied by an alteration, either inhibition or activation, of the antioxidant defense system in different organs (Flehi-Slim et al 2015). Different studies revealed that MAL decreased the activity of cellular antioxidant defenses, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thus disrupting the oxidantantioxidant balance in the body (Akhgari et al 2003;Franco et al 2009;Ozsoy et al 2016;Ullah et al 2018;Thakur et al 2018).…”

Section: Pharmacodynamics Of Malathionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphate toxicity: updates of malathion potential toxic effects in mammals and potential treatments

Badr

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

105

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Organophosphorus insecticides toxicity is still considered a major global health problem. Malathion is one of the most commonly used organophosphates nowadays, as being considered to possess relatively low toxicity compared with other organophosphates. However, widespread use may lead to excessive exposure from multiple sources. Mechanisms of MAL toxicity include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, change of oxidants/antioxidants balance, DNA damage, and facilitation of apoptotic cell damage. Exposure to malathion has been associated with different toxicities that nearly affect every single organ in our bodies, with CNS toxicity being the most well documented. Malathion toxic effects on liver, kidney, testis, ovaries, lung, pancreas, and blood were also reported. Moreover, malathion was considered as a genotoxic and carcinogenic chemical compound. Evidence exists for adverse effects associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure in both animals and humans. This review summarizes the toxic data available about malathion in mammals and discusses new potential therapeutic modalities, with the aim to highlight the importance of increasing awareness about its potential risk and reevaluation of the allowed daily exposure level.

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Malathion-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats: biochemical and histopathological studies

Cited by 15 publications

References 71 publications

Organophosphorus Pesticide Malathion and Immunotoxicity: A More Sensitive Toxicological Target and Current Recommendations

Organophosphorus Pesticide Malathion and Immunotoxicity: A More Sensitive Toxicological Target and Current Recommendations

Cis -bifenthrin induces immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice

Organophosphate toxicity: updates of malathion potential toxic effects in mammals and potential treatments

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