Malathion‐induced alteration of the antioxidant defence system in kidney, gill, and intestine of Carassius auratus gibelio

Abstract

Pesticides such as malathion, commonly used in agriculture and households, are toxic substances that lead to reactive oxygen species generation, which harms organisms. Ecotoxicological consequences of malathion, particularly its effects on antioxidants in fish, are not well understood. Thus, we investigated the effects of malathion (0.05 mg/L) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in Carassius auratus gibelio kidney, intestine, and gills following exposure times of 1, 2, 3, and 6 days. The lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense mechanisms display different responses in investigated tissues. The lipid peroxidation was increased in all investigated tissues, especially after 1 day of malathion administration. Changes in reduced glutathione levels have been registered, mainly after 6 days of pesticide exposure. The modulation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase, gluthatione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase was time and tissue specific. The investigated parameters can be used as biomarkers of fish exposure to malathion.

The protective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) against chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in Oreochromis niloticus

“…Hai et al (1997) showed that GSH-Px activation is enhanced (approximately 200%) in brain of Cyprinus carpio exposed to dichlorvos. Likewise, GSH-Px activities were elevated (57%) in the livers of C. auratus exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenol (Zhang et al 2004) and to malathion (Huculeci et al 2008). The biological function of GSH-Px is to reduce H 2 O 2 and lipid hydroperoxides (Verma et al 2007).…”

Oxidative stress as a damage mechanism in porcine cumulus‐oocyte complexes exposed to malathion during in vitro maturation

“…Malathion has been shown to produce oxidative stress in somatic cells in fish, humans fetuses, and rats, altering the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes, plasma, liver, pancreas, muscle, and brain …”

“…10 In previous studies, it was shown that malathion impairs oogenesis in mouse 8 and porcine oocytes by affecting viability and in vitro maturation (IVM), 11 in vitro fertilization and embryo development. 12 Malathion has been shown to produce oxidative stress in somatic cells in fish, humans fetuses, and rats, [13][14][15][16] altering the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes, 17 plasma, 13 liver, 18 pancreas, muscle, and brain. 6,19 The mitochondria are the major target cell organelle of OPs as malathion.…”

Effects of Melatonin and Epiphyseal Proteins on Fluoride-Induced Adverse Changes in Antioxidant Status of Heart, Liver, and Kidney of Rats

“…Therefore, evaluation of antioxidant enzymes activities and markers of free radical damage in the heart, liver, and kidney tissue are important for assessing F toxicity. Melatonin is known to have the ability to protect cells from free radical damage [12–14]. Previous studies have shown that melatonin [12, 15] and buffalo epiphyseal proteins (BEP) have various physiological functions that might protect against fluoride and as-induced oxidative stress [16–21].…”