Malassezia pachydermatis with special referenceto canine skin disease

Åkerstedt, Johan; Vollset, I.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(96)80100-x

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…M. pachydermatis-related otitis externa is intractable and recurrent antifungal agents must be administrated long-term [1]. Azoles such as ketoconazole, polyene derivatives as nystatin, and allylamines as terbinafine are antifungal agents available for otitis externa, but recently, the appearance of drug-resistant fungi was reported [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects of .BETA.-Thujaplicin Eardrops on Canine Malassezia-Related Otitis Externa

Nakano

Matsuo

Tani

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. An eardrop solution of β-thujaplicin was examined for therapeutic effects on canine Malassezia-related otitis externa. Half to one ml of β-thujaplicin solution of 100 μg/ml including DMSO 2% was injected everyday into both external ear canals of 31 cases for test-of-cure agreement. Fifteen score phases were established from the symptoms and cerumen smear biopsy findings, and score changes were recorded at least once a week. The means of the second and the third inspection day scores decreased significantly more than the previous value of each. In addition, the numbers of yeast-like organisms clearly decreased. These results suggest that β-thujaplicin eardrops are effective for Malassezia-related otitis externa in dogs.KEY WORDS: β-thujaplicin, Malassezia, otitis externa.

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confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects of .BETA.-Thujaplicin Eardrops on Canine Malassezia-Related Otitis Externa

Nakano

Matsuo

Tani

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The genus Malassezia includes eight species: Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, M. obtusa, M. slooffiae, M. furfur, M. sympodialis, M. dermatis, and M. pachydermatis (7, 22). M. pachydermatis is not a lipophilic species and is associated several animal skin diseases (1,8). Recently, our research group found M. dermatis on Japanese patients with AD (22).…”

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Description of a New Yeast Species, Malassezia japonica , and Its Detection in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Healthy Subjects

Sugita¹,

et al. 2003

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Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia are part of the normal cutaneous microflora and are considered one of the factors that trigger atopic dermatitis (AD). We isolated two strains of Malassezia from a healthy Japanese female. Analysis of the D1/D2 26S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer region sequences of the isolates suggested that they are new members of the genus Malassezia. We propose the name Malassezia japonica sp. nov. for the isolates. M. japonica is easily distinguished from the seven known lipophilic species by its ability to assimilate Tween 40 and Tween 60 and its inability to assimilate Tween 20 and Tween 80 and to grow at 40°C. Furthermore, by applying transparent dressings to the skin lesions of 36 patients with AD and the skin of 22 healthy subjects, M. japonica DNA was detected by a non-culture-based method consisting of nested PCR with M. japonica species-specific primers. M. japonica DNA was detected from 12 of the 36 patients (33.3%) and 3 of the 22 healthy subjects (13.6%). Although it is not known whether M. japonica plays a role in AD, this species was part of the microflora in both patients with AD and healthy subjects.Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia are members of the normal human cutaneous microflora and are also associated with several skin diseases. It is strongly suspected that Malassezia species are responsible for pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, Malassezia folliculitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) (2,4,5,19). The genus Malassezia includes eight species: Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, M. obtusa, M. slooffiae, M. furfur, M. sympodialis, M. dermatis, and M. pachydermatis (7, 22). M. pachydermatis is not a lipophilic species and is associated several animal skin diseases (1,8). Recently, our research group found M. dermatis on Japanese patients with AD (22). Much research has examined the relationships between these eight species and their roles as causative agents of disease or factors that trigger disease. Most studies indicate that pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis are likely affected by M. globosa and M. sympodialis (3,9,10,15). The distribution of Malassezia species in the skin lesions of AD patients and healthy subjects was previously compared by a non-culturebased method (nested PCR) that is not affected by the isolation medium (21). Of the members of the genus Malassezia, M. globosa and M. restricta were associated with disease in more than 90% of AD patients, while the other species were detected in less than 50% of the patients. In our survey of the cutaneous Malassezia microflora, we isolated a new Malassezia species from a healthy subject. In the present study, we propose a new species, M. japonica, for the isolates from this subject and investigated the skin surfaces of patients with AD and healthy subjects for the presence of this species. MATERIALS AND METHODSYeast isolate. Malassezia strains were isolated from the left forearm of a healthy 22-year-old Japanese female. OpSite transparent dressings (3 by 7 cm; Smit...

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“…Sci. 67(12): 1243-1247, 2005 Otitis externa is one of the most frequently occurring canine diseases [2,3], and although it is not lethal, it is a chronic disease that troubles both dogs and owners for a prolonged period of time [1]. Malassezia pachydermatis is the most common microorganism isolated from canine otitis externa cases and even from healthy ear canals [12].…”

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“…Seven species, M. furfur, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta, M. slooffiae, M. sympodialis, and M. pachydermatis belong to the genus Malassezia, but 6 of the species, all except M. pachydermatis, are characterized by a lipid being required for growth [6]. As M. pachydermatis is a major component of normal canine microbial flora, infections of the canine ear canal must be opportunistic to multiply when the microenvironment changes [1,18]. M. pachydermatis-related otitis externa is very difficult to control, with repeated recurrences, and requires long-term antifungal agent therapy.…”

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Effects of .BETA.-Thujaplicin on Anti-Malassezia pachydermatis Remedy for Canine Otitis Externa

Nakano

Wada

Tani

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The antifungal activity of β-thujaplicin was evaluated against 51 Malassezia pachydermatis strains isolated from canine ear canals with or without otitis externa. For comparison, sensitivity tests were performed on M. pachydermatis isolates for nystatin, ketoconazole, and terbinafine HCl, all clinically available antifungal agents. The minimal inhibition concentrations over 50% of the tested isolates (MIC 50 ) were 3.13 µg/ml for β-thujaplicin and nystatin, 0.016 µg/ml for ketoconazole, and 1.56 µg/ml for terbinafine HCl. The antifungal effect for M. pachydermatis of β-thujaplicin compared favorably with commercial antifungal agents. None of the 51 M. pachydermatis isolates showed resistance against any of the tested antibiotics investigated in this study. Ten representative isolates of M. pachydermatis were subcultured for 30 generations at concentrations close to the MIC levels of β-thujaplicin, nystatin, ketoconazole, and terbinafine HCl, and examined to determine whether they had acquired resistance to each drug. As a result, M. pachydermatis was found to achieve resistance more easily for ketoconazole and terbinafine HCl than for β-thujaplicin or nystatin. The MIC 50 of β-thujaplicin did not change during the course of subculture, and it is thought that the potential development of a resistant strain is low, even with continuous infusion for otitis externa therapy. β-Thujaplicin is an inexpensive and safe treatment with anti-inflammatory and deodorant effects that can be recommended as an effective remedy for canine otitis externa.KEY WORDS: β-thujaplicin, canine, Malassezia pachydermatis, otitis externa, sensitivity test.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(12): 1243-1247, 2005 Otitis externa is one of the most frequently occurring canine diseases [2,3], and although it is not lethal, it is a chronic disease that troubles both dogs and owners for a prolonged period of time [1]. Malassezia pachydermatis is the most common microorganism isolated from canine otitis externa cases and even from healthy ear canals [12]. Seven species, M. furfur, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. restricta, M. slooffiae, M. sympodialis, and M. pachydermatis belong to the genus Malassezia, but 6 of the species, all except M. pachydermatis, are characterized by a lipid being required for growth [6]. As M. pachydermatis is a major component of normal canine microbial flora, infections of the canine ear canal must be opportunistic to multiply when the microenvironment changes [1,18]. M. pachydermatis-related otitis externa is very difficult to control, with repeated recurrences, and requires long-term antifungal agent therapy. Recently, the appearance of multidrug-resistant microbes due to long-term pharmaceutical treatment has come a problem for human and veterinary clinical practices, and drug resistance for the genus Candida has been reported [19]. The appearance of resistant strains of M. pachydermatis is a concern. Azoles, such as ketoconazole and itraconazole, polyene derivatives, such as nystatin, and allylamines, such as terbinafine HCl, a...

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Malassezia pachydermatis with special referenceto canine skin disease

Cited by 35 publications

References 52 publications

Therapeutic Effects of .BETA.-Thujaplicin Eardrops on Canine Malassezia-Related Otitis Externa

Therapeutic Effects of .BETA.-Thujaplicin Eardrops on Canine Malassezia-Related Otitis Externa

Description of a New Yeast Species, Malassezia japonica , and Its Detection in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Healthy Subjects

Effects of .BETA.-Thujaplicin on Anti-Malassezia pachydermatis Remedy for Canine Otitis Externa

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