Malassezia pachydermatis fungaemia in an adult on posaconazole prophylaxis for acute myeloid leukaemia

Choudhury, Saugata; Marte, Ryan Llorin

doi:10.1097/pat.0000000000000139

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The outbreak resolved upon implementation of infection control measures, including withdrawal of lipid‐rich hand moisturisers from staff. In addition to this neonatal syndrome, M. pachydermatis has been implicated in severe systemic infections of immunocompromised adult patients …”

Section: Malassezia Yeasts As Zoonotic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, diagnosis and treatment ofMalasseziadermatitis in dogs and cats Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Bond

Morris

Guillot

et al. 2020

Veterinary Dermatology

118

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Background -The genus Malassezia is comprised of a group of lipophilic yeasts that have evolved as skin commensals and opportunistic cutaneous pathogens of a variety of mammals and birds.Objectives -The objective of this document is to provide the veterinary community and other interested parties with current information on the ecology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin diseases associated with Malassezia yeasts in dogs and cats.Methods and material -The authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to October 2018. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) Clinical Consensus Guideline committee provided guidance and oversight for this process. The document was presented at two international meetings of veterinary dermatology societies and one international mycology workshop; it was made available for comment on the WAVD website for a period of six months. Comments were shared with the GP electronically and responses incorporated into the final document.Conclusions and clinical importance -There has been a remarkable expansion of knowledge on Malassezia yeasts and their role in animal disease, particularly since the early 1990's. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats has evolved from a disease of obscurity and controversy on its existence, to now being a routine diagnosis in general veterinary practice. Clinical signs are well recognised and diagnostic approaches are well developed. A range of topical and systemic therapies is known to be effective, especially when predisposing factors are identified and corrected.

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Section: Malassezia Yeasts As Zoonotic Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, diagnosis and treatment ofMalasseziadermatitis in dogs and cats Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Bond

Morris

Guillot

et al. 2020

Veterinary Dermatology

118

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“…Once introduced to a facility, Malassezia yeasts can persist on incubator surfaces for prolonged periods of time (Van Belkum et al, 1994). A subsequent case report described a facial granuloma caused by M. pachydermatis in a dog owner (Fan et al, 2006), and recently M. pachydermatisassociated fungemia has been reported in a small number of adults with various predisposing factors (Choudhury and Marte, 2014;Roman et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2019). Since hand contamination by M. pachydermatis is common amongst dog owners, especially in owners of allergic dogs with Malassezia overgrowth (Morris, 2005), there is a clear need for rigorous hand hygiene by individuals in contact with pet dogs and cats, especially when there is contact with immunocompromised individuals (Bond et al, 2020).…”

Section: Potential Transmission Of Malassezia Yeasts From Animals To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Malassezia Yeasts in Veterinary Dermatology: An Updated Overview

Guillot

Bond

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Lipophilic yeasts of the genus Malassezia are important skin commensals and opportunistic skin pathogens in a variety of animals. The species M. pachydermatis was first isolated from the skin of a captive Indian rhinoceros with an exfoliative dermatitis in 1925, recognized as an important otic pathogen of dogs in the 1950's, and finally accepted, after several years of controversy, as a common cause of canine dermatitis in the 1990's. Since then, there has been considerable research into the biology of Malassezia yeasts and their interaction with their animal hosts. In dogs and cats, M. pachydermatis is associated with ceruminous otitis externa and a "seborrhoeic" dermatitis, wherein pruritic, erythematous skin lesions, often with brown/black greasy, malodourous material matting hairs, preferentially develop in intertriginous areas. Skin disease is favored by folds, underlying hypersensitivity disorders, endocrinopathies, defects of cornification, and in cats, various visceral paraneoplastic syndromes. Diagnosis is based on detecting the yeast in compatible skin lesions, usually by cytology, and observing a clinical and mycological response to therapy. Treatment normally comprises topical or systemic azole therapy, often with miconazole-chlorhexidine shampoos or oral itraconazole or ketoconazole. Management of concurrent diseases is important to minimize relapses. Historically, wild-type Malassezia isolates from dogs and cats were typically susceptible to azoles, with the exception of fluconazole, but emerging azole resistance in field strains has recently been associated with either mutations or quadruplication of the ERG11 gene. These observations have prompted increased interest in alternative topical antifungal drugs, such as chlorhexidine, and various essential oils. Further clinical trials are awaited with interest.

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“…Subsequent blood cultures were negative and the patient died of unrelated causes. The second reported case occurred in a 69 year old male undergoing induction chemotherapy for AML while on posaconazole prophylaxis [4] . M. pachydermatis was cultured from a peripherally inserted central catheter that had been in place for 2 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, only two cases of fungemia due to this organism have been described to date in adults. In both prior cases, the patients were being treated for acute myeloid leukemia [3] , [4] . We describe a case of M. pachydermatis fungemia in a man who was also diagnosed with lepromatous leprosy during his hospitalization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%