Malassezia Infections in Humans and Animals: Pathophysiology, Detection, and Treatment

Velegraki, Aristea; Cafarchia, Claudia; Gaitanis, Georgios; Iatta, Roberta; Boekhout, Teun

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004523

Cited by 181 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Most of these fungal genera have been previously isolated from soils, plants and animals. However, the SSMS appeared to facilitate the cultivation of a wide range of microfungi, as demonstrated by the recovery of the endemic mesophilic psychrotolerant microfungi, such as Aureobasidium and Cladosporium (Zucconi et al, 2011) to host specific genera, such as Nigrosphora, Malassezia genera; a plant and animal pathogen (Hudson, 1963; Velegraki et al, 2015), Cadophora ; a “soft rot” wood decomposer isolated from Antarctic hut wood (Blanchette et al, 2004; Ludley and Robinson, 2008), Rhodotorula ; previously isolated from Windmill Island, Antarctica soils (Gesheva, 2010) and Hortaea ; a halotolerant black yeast (Plemenitas et al, 2008). For bacteria, the SSMS enrichments led to an increase in Proteobacteria relative abundances up to 58%, highlighting the system's selective bias toward heterotrophs (Ferrari et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Diversity of Browning Peninsula, Eastern Antarctica Revealed Using Molecular and Cultivation Methods

Pudasaini

Wilson

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Browning Peninsula is an ice-free polar desert situated in the Windmill Islands, Eastern Antarctica. The entire site is described as a barren landscape, comprised of frost boils with soils dominated by microbial life. In this study, we explored the microbial diversity and edaphic drivers of community structure across this site using traditional cultivation methods, a novel approach the soil substrate membrane system (SSMS), and culture-independent 454-tag pyrosequencing. The measured soil environmental and microphysical factors of chlorine, phosphate, aspect and elevation were found to be significant drivers of the bacterial community, while none of the soil parameters analyzed were significantly correlated to the fungal community. Overall, Browning Peninsula soil harbored a distinctive microbial community in comparison to other Antarctic soils comprised of a unique bacterial diversity and extremely limited fungal diversity. Tag pyrosequencing data revealed the bacterial community to be dominated by Actinobacteria (36%), followed by Chloroflexi (18%), Cyanobacteria (14%), and Proteobacteria (10%). For fungi, Ascomycota (97%) dominated the soil microbiome, followed by Basidiomycota. As expected the diversity recovered from culture-based techniques was lower than that detected using tag sequencing. However, in the SSMS enrichments, that mimic the natural conditions for cultivating oligophilic “k-selected” bacteria, a larger proportion of rare bacterial taxa (15%), such as Blastococcus, Devosia, Herbaspirillum, Propionibacterium and Methylocella and fungal (11%) taxa, such as Nigrospora, Exophiala, Hortaea, and Penidiella were recovered at the genus level. At phylum level, a comparison of OTU's showed that the SSMS shared 21% of Acidobacteria, 11% of Actinobacteria and 10% of Proteobacteria OTU's with soil. For fungi, the shared OTUs was 4% (Basidiomycota) and <0.5% (Ascomycota). This was the first known attempt to culture microfungi using the SSMS which resulted in an increase in diversity from 14 to 57 microfungi OTUs compared to standard cultivation. Furthermore, the SSMS offers the opportunity to retrieve a greater diversity of bacterial and fungal taxa for future exploitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Diversity of Browning Peninsula, Eastern Antarctica Revealed Using Molecular and Cultivation Methods

Pudasaini

Wilson

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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“…They are also associated with a variety of clinical skin disorders, such as dandruff, atopic eczema, dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, and folliculitis; occasionally in immunocompromised hosts or patients on total parenteral nutrition, Malassezia can also cause systemic disease (1–3). There are 14 characterized species in this fungal genus, which differ in preferred host environment, nutritional requirements, and disease association (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Function Analysis in the Ubiquitous Human Commensal and Pathogen Malassezia Genus

Ianiri

Averette

Kingsbury

et al. 2016

mBio

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The genus Malassezia includes 14 species that are found on the skin of humans and animals and are associated with a number of diseases. Recent genome sequencing projects have defined the gene content of all 14 species; however, to date, genetic manipulation has not been possible for any species within this genus. Here, we develop and then optimize molecular tools for the transformation of Malassezia furfur and Malassezia sympodialis using Agrobacterium tumefaciens delivery of transfer DNA (T-DNA) molecules. These T-DNAs can insert randomly into the genome. In the case of M. furfur, targeted gene replacements were also achieved via homologous recombination, enabling deletion of the ADE2 gene for purine biosynthesis and of the LAC2 gene predicted to be involved in melanin biosynthesis. Hence, the introduction of exogenous DNA and direct gene manipulation are feasible in Malassezia species.

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“…Human skin is the normal flora for Malassezia spp. and is involved in mild and frequent recurrent cutaneous infections (Velegraki et al, 2015). Malassezia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Diversity in Gut Microbiota in Patients with Cancer

Khidir

Hamad²,

Ahmad³

2017

ZJPAS

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Malassezia Infections in Humans and Animals: Pathophysiology, Detection, and Treatment

Cited by 181 publications

References 61 publications

Microbial Diversity of Browning Peninsula, Eastern Antarctica Revealed Using Molecular and Cultivation Methods

Microbial Diversity of Browning Peninsula, Eastern Antarctica Revealed Using Molecular and Cultivation Methods

Gene Function Analysis in the Ubiquitous Human Commensal and Pathogen Malassezia Genus

Fungal Diversity in Gut Microbiota in Patients with Cancer

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