Malassezia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Accomplice of Evoking Tumorigenesis

Yang, Qiyu; Ouyang, Jing; Pi, Damao; Li, Feng; Yang, Jiadan

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.846469

“…As the species of Malassezia , Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta can induce proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 β production and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in phagocytes [ 27 ]. Malassezia is a crucial microbial factor in carcinogenesis, which is an accomplice of evoking tumorigenesis for promoting the progression of inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to a worse prognosis [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Malassezia globosa as a Gastric Fungus Associated with PD-L1 Expression and Overall Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer

Zhang

¹

,

Qiu

²

,

Feng

³

et al. 2022

Journal of Immunology Research

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Background. Microbiotas affected the prognosis of cancer patients by regulating programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. However, the relationship between gastric fungi and PD-L1 expression is still unclear in gastric cancer (GC). We aimed at exploring the association of gastric fungi with PD-L1 expression and overall survival in GC. Methods. A total of 61 GC patients were divided into the two groups based on the PD-L1 combined positive scores (CPS). Fungal profiling was performed by internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequencing, and the survival analyses were performed by Kaplan-Meier curves. Results. We observed a taxonomic difference of fungi between the PD-L1-High ( C P S ≥ 10 ) and PD-L1-Low group ( C P S < 10 ) by principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) ( P = 0.014 for Bray-Curtis and P = 0.042 for Jaccard). Malassezia had a higher abundance in the PD-L1-High group compared to the PD-L1-Low group ( P = 0.045 ). Malassezia globosa elevated significantly in the PD-L1-High group. GC patients with PD-L1 low expression and low abundance of Malassezia globosa had a longer overall survival (OS) than others ( P = 0.047 ). Malassezia globosa was associated with PD-L1 expression ( O d d s R a t i o = 3.509 , 95% Confidence Interval: 1.056-11.656, P = 0.040 ). Malassezia globosa was associated with the tumor size ( P = 0.031 ) and PD-L1 status ( P = 0.024 ). GC patients with a high abundance of Malassezia globosa had shorter OS than others ( P = 0.028 ). Malassezia globosa was an independent factor ( H a z a r d R a t i o = 3.080 , 95% Confidence Interval: 1.140-8.323, P = 0.027 ) for OS after adjusting for tumor stage. Malassezia globosa was figured out to be associated with- fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis and degradation via LIPASYN pathway. Conclusions. Malassezia globosa was identified as a PD-L1 expression-associated gastric fungus and associated with OS of GC patients, which calls for more studies to further explore its potential in PD-L1/PD-1 targeted immunotherapy.

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“…These activations can result in the release of various pro-inflammatory mediators which are believed to contribute to the development of the inflammatory disease ( 34 – 36 ), and inflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension ( 11 ). Malassezia species manifest multiple proinflammatory biological properties ( 37 ), and can promote the development of inflammatory associated diseases, such as Crohn disease ( 38 ), and pancreatic cancer ( 39 ), inflammatory bowel disease ( 40 ), and skin disease ( 41 ). Thus, Malassezia is considered an important emerging pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut mycobiome dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension and its response to immunoglobulin light chains

Zou

¹

,

Ge

²

,

Lydia³

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesHuman gut microbiome has gained great attention for its proposed roles in the development of hypertension. The fungal microbiome in the human gut (i.e. the mycobiome) is beginning to gain recognition as a fundamental part of our microbiome. However, the existing knowledge of human mycobiome has never revealed the association between gut mycobiome and hypertension. It is known that inflammation and immunity contribute to human hypertension. Here, we sought to investigate whether gut mycobiome could predict the development of hypertension and its association with immunoglobulin light chains.Methods and materialsParticipants were classified into three cohorts: prehypertension (pre-HTN), hypertension (HTN), and normal-tension (NT) based on their blood pressure. Fresh samples were collected, and the ITS transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA gene sequence was performed. An immunoturbidimetric test was used to examine the serum levels of immunological light chains.ResultsSubjects in both of the states of pre-HTN and HTN had different fungal microbiome community compared to the NT group (FDR<0.05). Slightly higher levels of fungal richness and diversity were observed in the groups of pre-HTN and HTN. The relative abundance of Malassezia increased in the HTN group compared to that in the NT group, and the relative abundance of Mortierella enriched in the NT group. For the pre-HTN group, the relative abundance of Malassezia was positively associated with serum the concentration of light chain (LC) κ (r=0.510, P=0.044); for the HTN group, the relative abundance of Mortierella was positively associated with the serum concentration of LC κ (P<0.05), the relative abundance of Malassezia was positively associated with both the serum concentrations of LC κ and LC λ (r>0.30, P<0.05).ConclusionsOur present study demonstrated that gut fungal dysbiosis occurred in the state of prehypertension, and fungal dysbiosis can predict the dysregulation of serum light chains in hypertension patients. Further study on modulating gut fungal community should be focused on balancing the immunological features in hypertension.

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“…Pharmacologically inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome reduced the C. tropicalis -induced increase in tumour burden in an AOM-DSS CRC mouse model. Other studies also associated Malassezia with inflammation-induced CRC, but these merit further causative validation 117…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Fungal Impacts On Cancermentioning

confidence: 94%

Fungi and cancer

Saftien

¹

,

Puschhof

²

,

Elinav

³

2023

Gut

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The microbiome may impact cancer development, progression and treatment responsiveness, but its fungal components remain insufficiently studied in this context. In this review, we highlight accumulating evidence suggesting a possible involvement of commensal and pathogenic fungi in modulation of cancer-related processes. We discuss the mechanisms by which fungi can influence tumour biology, locally by activity exerted within the tumour microenvironment, or remotely through secretion of bioactive metabolites, modulation of host immunity and communications with neighbouring bacterial commensals. We examine prospects of utilising fungi-related molecular signatures in cancer diagnosis, patient stratification and assessment of treatment responsiveness, while highlighting challenges and limitations faced in performing such research. In all, we demonstrate that fungi likely constitute important members of mucosal and tumour-residing microbiomes. Exploration of fungal inter-kingdom interactions with the bacterial microbiome and the host and decoding of their causal impacts on tumour biology may enable their harnessing into cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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Malassezia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Accomplice of Evoking Tumorigenesis

Cited by 9 publications

References 141 publications

Identification of Malassezia globosa as a Gastric Fungus Associated with PD-L1 Expression and Overall Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer

Identification of Malassezia globosa as a Gastric Fungus Associated with PD-L1 Expression and Overall Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer

Gut mycobiome dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension and its response to immunoglobulin light chains

Fungi and cancer

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