Malaria vector research and control in Haiti: a systematic review

Frederick, J.; Jean, Yvan Saint; Lemoine, Jean Frantz; Dotson, Ellen M.; Mace, Kimberly E.; Chang, Michelle; Slutsker, Laurence; Menach, Arnaud Le; Beier, John C.; Eisele, Thomas P.; Okech, Bernard A.; Rochars, Valery Madsen Beau De; Carter, Keith H.; Keating, Joseph; Impoinvil, Daniel E.

doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1436-x

Cited by 41 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The study suggested that the mass LLINs had no significant effect in preventing clinical malaria (odds ratio = 0.95, 95% confidence interval = 0.68, 1.32). 37 Although the study design could not rule out a modest impact that was not measurable, these findings are compatible with vector behavior studies in Haiti from the published literature, 32 as well as from recent evaluations conducted by the PNCM and CDC, that show predominantly outdoor biting but some indoor biting during early evening hours (Impoinvil D, personal communication). After this experience, the PNCM targeted LLIN distribution to the medium- and high-transmission strata of the country.…”

Section: Ensuring Efficacy Of Antimalarial Drugs and Preventive Intersupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Unlike the primary vectors in sub-Saharan Africa where LLINs have been well-documented to significantly decrease malaria transmission, disease burden, and child mortality, 26 – 28 the malaria vector in Haiti is Anopheles albimanus which tends to bite outdoors and at variable times throughout the evening and nighttime hours—situations that are not typically protected by bednet use. 29 – 32 The results from studies assessing the impact of LLINs in countries in the region of the Americas that have the same vector are mixed. 33 – 36 …”

Section: Ensuring Efficacy Of Antimalarial Drugs and Preventive Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Haiti’s Commitment to Malaria Elimination: Progress in the Face of Challenges, 2010–2016

Lemoine¹,

Boncy²,

Filler

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.Haiti is committed to malaria elimination by 2020. Following a 2010 earthquake and cholera epidemic, Haiti capitalized on investments in its health system to refocus on malaria elimination. Efforts, including expanding diagnostics, ensuring efficacy of standard treatments, building institutional capacity, and strengthening surveillance were undertaken to complement the broad health system strengthening activities. These efforts led to the adoption and scale-up of malaria rapid diagnostic tests as a diagnostic modality. In addition, drug-resistant monitoring has been established in the country, along with the development of molecular testing capacity for the Plasmodium falciparum parasite at the National Public Health Laboratory. The development and piloting of surveillance activities to include an enhanced community-based approach for testing and treatment of patients has increased the ability of the Ministry of Health to map foci of transmission and respond promptly to outbreaks. The reinforcement of evidence-based approaches coupled with strong collaboration among the Ministry of Health and partners has demonstrated that malaria elimination by 2020 is a realistic prospect.

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Section: Ensuring Efficacy Of Antimalarial Drugs and Preventive Intersupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Ensuring Efficacy Of Antimalarial Drugs and Preventive Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

Haiti’s Commitment to Malaria Elimination: Progress in the Face of Challenges, 2010–2016

Lemoine¹,

Boncy²,

Filler

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The primary vector is presumably Anopheles albimanus , which is the only confirmed vector and the only species reported in the country over the last decade [ 10 ]. Despite P. falciparum endemicity in Haiti, there is no evidence of in vivo clinical resistance of the parasite to chloroquine, which is still used as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria [ 11 – 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, studies have found no resistance of An. albimanus to pyrethroids; resistance to dieldrin and fenitrothion is thought to be low, and only resistance to DDT is considered to be widespread [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Wherever doctors cannot reach, the sunshine can”: overcoming potential barriers to malaria elimination interventions in Haiti

Druetz

Andrinopoulos

Boulos³

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundHaiti and the Dominican Republic, the only two Caribbean countries with endemic malaria transmission, are committed to eliminating malaria. With a Plasmodium falciparum prevalence under 1% and a highly focal transmission, the efforts towards elimination in Haiti will include several community-based interventions that must be tailored to the local sociocultural context to increase their uptake. However, little is known about local community perceptions regarding malaria and the planned elimination interventions. The aim of this study is to develop a robust understanding of how to tailor, implement and promote malaria elimination strategies in Haiti.MethodsA cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted December 2015–August 2016 in Grande-Anse and the North Department in Haiti. Data collection included key informant interviews (n = 51), in-depth interviews (n = 15) and focus group discussions (n = 14) with health workers, traditional healers, teachers, priests or pastors, informal community leaders, public officials, and community members. Following a grounded theory approach, transcripts were coded and analysed using content analysis. Coded text was sorted by the types of interventions under consideration by the malaria elimination programme.ResultsThe level of knowledge about malaria was low. Many participants noted community beliefs about malaria being caused by magical phenomena in addition to vector-borne transmission. Participants described malaria as a problem rooted in the environment, with vector control the most noted method of prevention. Though participants noted malaria a severe disease, it ranked lower than other health problems perceived as more acute. Access barriers to healthcare were described including a lack of bed nets. Some distrust about pills, tests, and foreigners in general was expressed, and in few cases linked to previous experience with malaria campaigns under dictatorial regimes.ConclusionsThere are several potential barriers and opportunities to implement community-based malaria elimination interventions in rural Haiti. Elimination efforts should include the collaboration of voodoo priests and other traditional healers, be coupled with solutions to wider community concerns or other health interventions, and learn from previous or similar programmes, such as the campaign to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. It is essential to engage with communities and gain their trust to successfully implement targeted aggressive elimination activities.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2553-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This effort is part of an overarching goal by these countries to create a malaria-free zone across the Caribbean by 2025 [1]. The main malaria-causative parasite in this region is chloroquine-susceptible Plasmodium falciparum transmitted mainly in Haiti by Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes [2]. Overall, malaria transmission in Haiti is low, with approximately 21,000 con rmed cases in 2016, the year when this study's samples were collected, and a nationwide prevalence of 0.4% [3,4]].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis Reveals Unique Characteristics of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasite Populations in Haiti

Daniels

Chenet

Rogier³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: With increasing interest in eliminating malaria from the Caribbean region, Haiti is one of the two countries on the island of Hispaniola with continued malaria transmission. While the Haitian populace remains at risk for malaria, there are a limited number of cases annually, making conventional epidemiological measures such as case incidence and prevalence of potentially limited value for fine-scale resolution of transmission patterns and trends. In this context, genetic signatures may be useful for the identification and characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite population in order to identify foci of transmission, detect outbreaks, and track parasite movement to potentially inform malaria control and elimination strategies. Methods: This study evaluated the genetic signals based on analysis of 21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 462 monogenomic (single-genome) P. falciparum DNA samples extracted from dried blood spots collected from malaria-positive patients reporting to health facilities in three southwestern Haitian departments (Nippes, Grand’Anse, and Sud) in 2016. Results: Assessment of the parasite genetic relatedness revealed evidence of clonal expansion within Nippes and the exchange of parasite lineages between Nippes, Sud, and Grand'Anse. Furthermore, 437 of the 462 samples shared high levels of genetic similarity—at least 20 of 21 SNPS—with at least one other sample in the dataset. Conclusions: These results revealed patterns of relatedness suggestive of the repeated recombination of a limited number of founding parasite types without significant outcrossing. These genetic signals offer clues to the underlying relatedness of parasite populations and may be useful for the identification of the foci of transmission and tracking of parasite movement in Haiti for malaria elimination.

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Malaria vector research and control in Haiti: a systematic review

Cited by 41 publications

References 56 publications

Haiti’s Commitment to Malaria Elimination: Progress in the Face of Challenges, 2010–2016

Haiti’s Commitment to Malaria Elimination: Progress in the Face of Challenges, 2010–2016

“Wherever doctors cannot reach, the sunshine can”: overcoming potential barriers to malaria elimination interventions in Haiti

Genetic Analysis Reveals Unique Characteristics of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasite Populations in Haiti

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