Malaria Treatment Landscape: Current Trends and Future Directions

Abstract

Malaria control relies partly on effective case treatment, with Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) being a cornerstone strategy. ACTs have revolutionized malaria treatment by offering remarkable efficacy and bolstering disease control efforts. They demonstrate exceptional effectiveness against both falciparum and non-falciparum malaria, rendering them suitable for all malaria variants. However, a declining malaria transmission rate introduces a new concern, a heightened risk of severe malaria among the elderly due to fading premunition. An important advancement in malaria management is the deployment of artesunate for severe cases. Given the decreasing transmission rates, a comprehensive control package encompassing disease control and elimination is essential. Primaquine has proven to be effective in curtailing malaria transmission, positioning it as a key component in elimination strategies. In pursuit of malaria eradication, optimization of integrated tools for mass drug administration and chemoprevention initiatives targeting vulnerable populations is crucial. As the development of new antimalarial drugs remains uncertain, securing the longevity of ACTs necessitates innovative approaches and substantial investments. Looking forward, addressing pivotal challenges such as drug resistance, sub-optimal plasma drug exposure, diagnostic insensitivity, and sub-standard medications is paramount. By tackling these challenges head-on, the global community can bolster malaria control and work toward its eventual eradication.