Malaria: Transmission, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention in Indonesia

Abstract

Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium and is characterized by recurrent fever, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. There are five species of Plasmodium that can infect humans. P. falciparum causes the most deaths, as do P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae which usually cause mild malaria. The aim of this research is to determine the meaning, classification, epidemiology, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, mode of transmission, prevention, and treatment of malaria. Research method: This research is a descriptive observational study with a literature review design using databases from Google Scholar, accredited national journal Sinta, and reputable international journals such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and others. The research results show that malaria cases are still high in Indonesia every year. There are several risk factors for malaria such as attitude, behavior, environment, and physical environmental factors where you live, such as (temperature, humidity, livestock pens, houses without screen ventilation, stagnant water, or breeding places). Malaria treatment depends on several factors, including the type of Plasmodium that causes infection, the severity of the disease, and the disease the individual is suffering from. Prevention efforts need to be made by addressing various risk factors for malaria.

Prevalence Rates Reduction Efforts of Malaria Cases among Health Students in Endemic Area

“…The spread of malaria in endemic areas depends on the interaction between the agent, the host, and the environment (Kahar et al, 2023). Environmental factors such as Jayapura are generally very dominant as a determinant of its incidence in a malaria-endemic area.…”