Malaria suitability, urbanization and persistence: Evidence from China over more than 2000 years

Flückiger, Matthias; Ludwig, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.12.006

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The shrinking maps of autochthonous malaria since 2010 could partly be attributed to robust surveillance systems for rapidly detecting individual cases and response by the ‘1-3-7’ strategy rolled out nationally [12]. The success might also be contributed by improved housing of the unprecedented urbanization in China and the extensive use of residual insecticides, which reduce contact with this mosquito and vectorial capacity [35, 36]. For instance, high coverage (> 90%) of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying has been achieved in southern China along the Myanmar border since 2010 [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology and challenges of malaria in China towards elimination

Lai

Sun

Ruktanonchai

et al. 2019

Malar J

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Background Historically, malaria had been a widespread disease in China. A national plan was launched in China in 2010, aiming to eliminate malaria by 2020. In 2017, no indigenous cases of malaria were detected in China for the first time. To provide evidence for precise surveillance and response to achieve elimination goal, a comprehensive study is needed to determine the changing epidemiology of malaria and the challenges towards elimination. Methods Using malaria surveillance data from 2011 to 2016, an integrated series of analyses was conducted to elucidate the changing epidemiological features of autochthonous and imported malaria, and the spatiotemporal patterns of malaria importation from endemic countries. Results From 2011 to 2016, a total of 21,062 malaria cases with 138 deaths were reported, including 91% were imported and 9% were autochthonous. The geographic distribution of local transmission have shrunk dramatically, but there were still more than 10 counties reporting autochthonous cases in 2013–2016, particularly in counties bordering with countries in South-East Asia. The importation from 68 origins countries had an increasing annual trend from Africa but decreasing importation from Southeast Asia. Four distinct communities have been identified in the importation networks with the destinations in China varied by origin and species. Conclusions China is on the verge of malaria elimination, but the residual transmission in border regions and the threats of importation from Africa and Southeast Asia are the key challenges to achieve and maintain malaria elimination. Efforts from China are also needed to help malaria control in origin countries and reduce the risk of introduced transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2736-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology and challenges of malaria in China towards elimination

Lai

Sun

Ruktanonchai

et al. 2019

Malar J

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“…For each city in our sample, we consider spatially contiguous areas surrounding the city coordinates with luminosity above a threshold of 45 as the urban area. 23 See Figure 4 for an illustration of how we delineate the urban area of Beijing using the 2013 nighttime light intensity data.…”

Section: Urban Shape Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jia (2014) studies China's treaty ports, cities that were forced to open by treaties between China and Western countries in the late 19th century, and finds long-lasting growth effects more than a century later. Flückiger and Ludwig (2017) show that the climatic suitability for malaria transmission influenced the spatial distribution of Chinese cities in history and this effect still persists today despite the eradication of malaria in the country. Our paper adds a new perspective towards understanding how history influences economies today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walled Cities and Urban Density in China

Du¹,

Zhang

2018

SSRN Journal

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“… While we lack access to spatially highly disaggregated data to formally establish the (continued) stability over time, the results of Flückiger and Ludwig () indicate that the spatial distribution of population was very stable during the Imperial era. …”

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confidence: 94%

Transport infrastructure, growth and persistence: The rise and demise of the Sui Canal

Flückiger

Ludwig

2019

Canadian J of Economics

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This paper investigates the effect of transport infrastructure on the spatial distribution of population over two millennia. Focusing on the Sui Canal, one of history's greatest infrastructure projects, we show that its completion in the 7th century CE led to a strong increase in population concentration along the newly established transport artery. We exploit the fact that large parts of the canal fell into disrepair after the 12th century to analyze the persistence of this effect. We find that in 2010, more than 800 years after the Sui Canal fell into disuse, regions once directly connected to the canal are still more populous than areas that never had access. However, this population concentration is not mirrored in economic development. GDP per capita is lower in areas that lay along the course of the canal. One potential explanation for this finding is a change in the value of locational fundamentals as well as a shift in investments to the benefit of coastal regions since the initiation of the Open Door Policy in 1978.

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Malaria suitability, urbanization and persistence: Evidence from China over more than 2000 years

Cited by 10 publications

References 85 publications

Changing epidemiology and challenges of malaria in China towards elimination

Changing epidemiology and challenges of malaria in China towards elimination

Walled Cities and Urban Density in China

Transport infrastructure, growth and persistence: The rise and demise of the Sui Canal

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