Malaria Risk Mapping for Control in the Republic of Sudan

Noor, Abdisalan M.; Elmardi, Khalid A; Abdelgader, Tarig M.; Patil, Anand P.; Amine, Ahmed A A; Bakhiet, Sahar Mubarak; Mukhtar, Maowia M.; Snow, Robert W.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0390

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The persistence of high carrier percentage in general, and among the older age groups in particular, despite high mortality rate due to SCD in the area, is intriguing. However, it could be a reflection of the vastly prevalent consanguineous marriages, and the heterozygote advantage against fatal malaria in Kordofan area, where the Plasmodium falciparum transmission rate (PfPR 2–10 years of age ) is > 10–50% (mesoendemic) with pockets of hyperendemicity (PfPR 2–10 years of age > 50–75%) . The prevalence of HbSS among adults is less than expected by 22%, which is slightly higher than the 20% reduction observed in other African countries .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sickle cell disease in western Sudan: genetic epidemiology and predictors of knowledge attitude and practices

Daak

El-Samani

Ali

et al. 2016

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjective To investigate the epidemiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) and determinants of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards SCD in western Kordofan State, Sudan.methods A community-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in three towns. Three hundred and seventy-two households were polled, and blood samples for haemoglobin phenotyping were collected from 1116 individuals. Sociodemographic, socio-economic and KAP data were collected using investigator-administered questionnaires. Descriptive, frequency distribution and multiple regression analyses were performed.results About 50.9% of the study population were Misseriya tribes. Consanguineous marriages were reported by 67.5% of the households. The highest percentage of homozygous SCD was 2.8% among children under 5 years of age. About 24.9% were carriers of HbS allele (HbAS). HbS allele frequency was highest in children aged 5-11 years (18.3%, CI: 13.7-22.9%) and lowest in males >15 years old (12.0%, CI: 6.1-17.9%). The average HbS frequency across all age groups was 14.5% (95% CI: 12.2-16.8%). The most frequent b-globin gene cluster haplotype was the Cameroon (30.8%), followed by the Benin (21.8%), the Senegal (12.8%) and the Bantu (2.2%) haplotypes. About 17.0% of all-cause child deaths were due to SCD. The estimated change in log odds of having the SS genotype per year increase in age was (À) 0.0058 (95% CI À0.0359, 0.0242). This represents a non-statistically significant 2.9% increase in 5-year mortality for individuals with the SS genotype relative to those with AS and AA genotypes. About 46.9% of the households had poor knowledge, 26.1% had satisfactory knowledge, and 26.9% had good knowledge about sickle cell disease. Mothers' and fathers' educational levels were significant predictors of good knowledge about SCD (P < 0.05). About 48.0% had a satisfactory attitude towards sickle cell disease while 30.7% had poor attitude and only 21.3 showed good attitudes. Poor knowledge about SCD and low socioeconomic status were the strongest positive predictors of poor attitude and practices towards SCD (P < 0.01).conclusions Sickle cell disease is a major health problem in West Kordofan, Sudan. Knowledge, attitude and practices towards the disease are not satisfactory. The development of public health programs is highly recommended to control and manage SCD in western parts of Sudan.keywords sickle cell disease, genetic epidemiology, western Sudan, haplotypes, knowledge attitude and practices 642

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sickle cell disease in western Sudan: genetic epidemiology and predictors of knowledge attitude and practices

Daak

El-Samani

Ali

et al. 2016

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Even if they are available, most countries fail to use them in planning their national malaria control strategies. 22 Potentially, capacity building or other steps to make them more accessible to local policy makers and programs will be critical to ensuring the data are understood and effectively used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent global maps created by the Malaria Atlas Project and Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute include uncertainty maps and use sophisticated statistical techniques to account for autocorrelation. 16,17 High-resolution maps may be useful for efficient and cost-effective targeting of interventions to the highest risk areas 8,12,[18][19][20][21][22] or in deciding to implement blanket coverage. The aims of this study were to generate and validate a high-resolution empirical risk map for household malaria risk in Nchelenge District, Luapula Province, Zambia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Malaria Risk and Uncertainty Mapping in Nchelenge District, Zambia: Evidence of Widespread, Persistent Risk and Implications for Targeted Interventions

Pinchoff

Chaponda

Shields

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Malaria risk maps may be used to guide policy decisions on whether vector control interventions should be targeted and, if so, where. Active surveillance for malaria was conducted through household surveys in Nchelenge District, Zambia from April 2012 through December 2014. Households were enumerated based on satellite imagery and randomly selected for study enrollment. At each visit, participants were administered a questionnaire and a malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Logistic regression models were used to construct spatial prediction risk maps and maps of risk uncertainty. A total of 461 households were visited, comprising 1,725 participants, of whom 48% were RDT positive. Several environmental features were associated with increased household malaria risk in a multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for seasonal variation. The model was validated using both internal and external evaluation measures to generate and assess root mean square error, as well as sensitivity and specificity for predicted risk. The final, validated model was used to predict and map malaria risk including a measure of risk uncertainty. Malaria risk in a high, perennial transmission setting is widespread but heterogeneous at a local scale, with seasonal variation. Targeting malaria control interventions may not be appropriate in this epidemiological setting.

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“…An interim dataset was used to produce MAP’s 2007 global map of P. falciparum endemicity [2] and the full dataset was used for the 2010 version, which incorporated vastly improved methods, as well as the addition of covariates [3]. These data have also been used to undertake national analyses tailored to individual country needs, for example for Somalia [4], Kenya [5], Indonesia [6,7], Djibouti [8] and Sudan [9,10]. Since 2010, new data have been collated and geopositioned and the current total is 24,210 survey records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing open access data online to advance malaria research and control

Moyes

Temperley

Henry

et al. 2013

Malar J

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BackgroundTo advance research on malaria, the outputs from existing studies and the data that fed into them need to be made freely available. This will ensure new studies can build on the work that has gone before. These data and results also need to be made available to groups who are developing public health policies based on up-to-date evidence. The Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) has collated and geopositioned over 50,000 parasite prevalence and vector occurrence survey records contributed by over 3,000 sources including research groups, government agencies and non-governmental organizations worldwide. This paper describes the results of a project set up to release data gathered, used and generated by MAP.MethodsRequests for permission to release data online were sent to 236 groups who had contributed unpublished prevalence (parasite rate) surveys. An online explorer tool was developed so that users can visualize the spatial distribution of the vector and parasite survey data before downloading it. In addition, a consultation group was convened to provide advice on the mode and format of release for data generated by MAP’s modelling work. New software was developed to produce a suite of publication-quality map images for download from the internet for use in external publications.ConclusionMore than 40,000 survey records can now be visualized on a set of dynamic maps and downloaded from the MAP website on a free and unrestricted basis. As new data are added and new permissions to release existing data come in, the volume of data available for download will increase. The modelled data output from MAP’s own analyses are also available online in a range of formats, including image files and GIS surface data, for use in advocacy, education, further research and to help parameterize or validate other mathematical models.

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Malaria Risk Mapping for Control in the Republic of Sudan

Cited by 37 publications

References 52 publications

Sickle cell disease in western Sudan: genetic epidemiology and predictors of knowledge attitude and practices

Sickle cell disease in western Sudan: genetic epidemiology and predictors of knowledge attitude and practices

Predictive Malaria Risk and Uncertainty Mapping in Nchelenge District, Zambia: Evidence of Widespread, Persistent Risk and Implications for Targeted Interventions

Providing open access data online to advance malaria research and control

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