Malaria infection rates in Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) at Ipetí-Guna, a village within a region targeted for malaria elimination in Panamá

Rigg, Chystrie; Hurtado, Lisbeth; Calzada, José E.; Chaves, Luis Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2019.02.003

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In both cases, these changes accompanied a standard malaria elimination protocol in place since 2009 [2], the "transmission blockage" described in the introduction, which is based on reactive human case surveillance coupled with supervised treatments and vector control, following the detection of locally transmitted malaria cases. Although this blockage can immediately reduce transmission, our results suggest that eliminating infection reservoirs with appropriate treatments and focalized MDAs may play a critical role for malaria elimination and can fill an important gap in reducing transmission, considering that the dominant malaria vector species in Mesoamerica and Mexico, Anopheles albimanus, is mainly exophilic and exophagic [20][21][22]. IRS thus may have limited impacts on its ability to reduce malaria transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Malaria Elimination in Costa Rica: Changes in Treatment and Mass Drug Administration

et al. 2020

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Costa Rica is a candidate to eliminate malaria by 2020. The remaining malaria transmission hotspots are located within the Huétar Norte Region (HNR), where 90% of the country’s 147 malaria cases have occurred since 2016, following a 33-month period without transmission. Here, we examine changes in transmission with the implementation of a supervised seven-day chloroquine and primaquine treatment (7DCPT). We also evaluate the impact of a focal mass drug administration (MDA) in January 2019 at Boca Arenal, the town in HNR reporting the greatest local transmission. We found that the change to a seven-day treatment protocol, from the prior five-day program, was associated with a 98% reduction in malaria transmission. The MDA helped to reduce transmission, keeping the basic reproduction number, RT, significantly below 1, for at least four months. However, following new imported cases from Nicaragua, autochthonous transmission resumed. Our results highlight the importance of appropriate treatment delivery to reduce malaria transmission, and the challenge that highly mobile populations, if their malaria is not treated, pose to regional elimination efforts in Mesoamerica and México.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Malaria Elimination in Costa Rica: Changes in Treatment and Mass Drug Administration

et al. 2020

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“…(Nys.) albimanus mosquitoes naturally infected with P. vivax in samples collected in the community of Ipeti Guna, located in the Madungandi comarca [72]. The determination of natural Plasmodium infection of anopheline mosquitoes is an important component in the assessment of different mosquito species as malaria vectors.…”

Section: Detection Of Natural Plasmodium Infection In Anopheles Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Malaria Infection in Anopheline Vectors and Their Incrimination in Local Malaria Transmission in Darién, Panama

Torres-Cosme

Rigg

Santamaría

et al. 2020

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BackgroundMore than 85% of the malaria cases in Panama occur in characteristically poor, rural and indigenous regions like Darien Province. Vector diversity, vector infection rate and spatial distribution are important entomological parameters of malaria transmission dynamics. Their understanding is crucial for the development of effective disease control strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of Anopheles species, their natural infection rate and their geographic distribution to better understand the malaria transmission dynamics in Darién, Panama.MethodsAnopheline mosquitoes were captured during the rainy and dry season of 2016. We selected five communities where adult anophelines were collected using CDC light-traps, and through protective human-baited traps. Detection of natural infection and Plasmodium genotype in collected mosquitoes were detected via nested PCR through the amplification of Plasmodium 18s rRNA and the circumsporozoite protein gene, respectively.ResultsA total of 1,063 mosquitoes were collected, and nine Anopheline species were identified, with the predominant species being: An. (Nys.) darlingi (45.0%) and An. (Nys.) albimanus (42.6%). Among these mosquitoes, An. (Nys.) albimanus has historically presented an elevated frequency and abundance in all Panamanian regions. Natural infection with P. vivax was detected in a mosquito pool from the community Pueblo Tortuga (0.6%), three mosquito pools from Marraganti (1.7%), two pools from Bajo Chiquito (1.1%) and three pools from Alto Playona (1.7%). For An. (Nys.) darlingi mosquitoes, we detected seven positive pools from the community Bajo Chiquito (4.0%), two pools from Marraganti (1.1%) and two pools from Alto Playona (1.1%). This study was able to detect the P. vivax allelic variant VK210 in infected mosquitoes.ConclusionThe results from this study provide new information on the transmission dynamics associated with anopheline vectors in the Darién region. This is the first report of natural P. vivax infection in An. (Nys.) darlingi and its incrimination as a potential malaria vector in Panama. Additional studies are necessary to expand our knowledge and determine crucial parameters in malaria transmission in Darién, which in turn will aid the National Malaria Program in attaining an adequate malaria control strategy towards malaria elimination.

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“…However, localized and well identi ed foci persist, characterized by a seasonal epidemic mainly due to P. vivax [12,14]. Regarding malaria vectors, several species have been recorded in the Panamá, with Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles punctimacula being the most common and widely distributed across the country [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term transmission patterns and public health policies leading to malaria elimination in Panamá

Hurtado

Cumbrera

Rigg

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: The present study provides a countrywide perspective of the malaria situation in Panama over a long-term framework, with the purpose of identifying historical malaria resurgence events and their potential causes. Methods: A descriptive-ecological study was conducted by analyzing demographic and epidemiological annual malaria time series data in Panamá (1884 – 2019) using several data sources. Malaria intensity indicators were calculated during the study period. We also analyze the effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation on malaria transmission using a retrospective analysis of malaria cases between 1957 and 2019. Results: Several factors were identified responsible for malaria resurgence in Panama, mostly related with Malaria Control Programme weakening. During the past 20 years (2000 – 2019) malaria has progressively increased its prevalence within indigenous settlements, with a predominance of male cases and a high proportion (15% of total cases) in children less than 5 years old. During this period a significant and increasing proportion of the P. falciparum total cases were imported. Our retrospective analysis (1957 - 2019) evidenced that ENSO has a significant impact on malaria transmission dynamics in Panama. Conclusions: Data analysis confirmed that although authorities have been successful in focalizing malaria transmission in the country, there are still neglected issues to be solved and important intercultural barriers that need to be addressed in order to achieve elimination of the disease by 2022. This information will be useful for targeting strategies by the National Malaria Control Programme.

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Malaria infection rates in Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) at Ipetí-Guna, a village within a region targeted for malaria elimination in Panamá

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

Malaria Elimination in Costa Rica: Changes in Treatment and Mass Drug Administration

Malaria Elimination in Costa Rica: Changes in Treatment and Mass Drug Administration

Natural Malaria Infection in Anopheline Vectors and Their Incrimination in Local Malaria Transmission in Darién, Panama

Long-term transmission patterns and public health policies leading to malaria elimination in Panamá

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