Malaria in Travelers: A Review of the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network

Leder, Karin; Black, Jim; O’Brien, D. P.; Greenwood, Zoe; Kain, Kevin C.; Schwartz, Eli; Brown, Graham V.; Torresi, Joseph

doi:10.1086/424510

Cited by 219 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…23 We assume that such findings might be explained by a high proportion of some degree of immunity combined with rapid and proper medical management at many western hospitals. 24,25 In our study, males represented 67% of the falciparum malaria cases. This finding is consistent with an Israeli study on post-travel-related hospitalization, where 75% of malaria cases were seen in males, 26 and it probably reflects different risk-taking behaviors between the sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…6,9,25,28 Because most GeoSentinel sites are located within academic medical institutions, our data may be biased to unusual or complicated cases and may not reflect the typical pattern of disease seen by general practitioners. The seemingly high proportion of benign clinical courses could be explained by the protocols at some high-volume GeoSentinel sites that see mainly outpatients, and where subsequent hospitalizations might not be captured and reported to GeoSentinel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acute and Potentially Life-Threatening Tropical Diseases in Western Travelers—A GeoSentinel Multicenter Study, 1996–2011

Jensenius¹,

Han²,

Schlagenhauf³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

145

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Potentially Life-Threatening Tropical Diseases in Western Travelers—A GeoSentinel Multicenter Study, 1996–2011

Jensenius¹,

Han²,

Schlagenhauf³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

145

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show abstract

“…All sites use best available reference diagnostics for their respective countries, which may include wellcharacterized commercial kits. GeoSentinel criteria for the diagnosis of malaria have been reported (19).…”

Section: Inclusion/exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality, Annual Trends, and Characteristics of Dengue among Ill Returned Travelers, 1997–2006

Schwartz

Weld

Wilder-Smith

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

177

132

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“…The signs and symptoms of malaria illness are varied, but the majority of patients have fever (8). Other common symptoms include headache, back pain, chills, increased sweating, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cough.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Surveillance — United States, 2013

Cullen¹,

Mace²,

Arguin³

2016

MMWR Surveill. Summ.

101

110

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Problem/Condition: Malaria in humans is caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. These parasites are transmitted by the bite of an infective female Anopheles mosquito. The majority of malaria infections in the United States occur among persons who have traveled to regions with ongoing malaria transmission. However, malaria is also occasionally acquired by persons who have not traveled out of the country through exposure to infected blood products, congenital transmission, laboratory exposure, or local mosquitoborne transmission. Malaria surveillance in the United States is conducted to identify episodes of local transmission and to guide prevention recommendations for travelers.Period Covered: This report summarizes cases in persons with onset of illness in 2013 and summarizes trends during previous years.Description of System: Malaria cases diagnosed by blood film, polymerase chain reaction, or rapid diagnostic tests are mandated to be reported to local and state health departments by health care providers or laboratory staff. Case investigations are conducted by local and state health departments, and reports are transmitted to CDC through the National Malaria Surveillance System, National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, or direct CDC consultations. CDC conducted antimalarial drug resistance marker testing on blood samples submitted to CDC by health care providers or local/state health departments. Data from these reporting systems serve as the basis for this report.Results: CDC received 1,727 reported cases of malaria, including two congenital cases, with an onset of symptoms in 2013 among persons in the United States. The total number of cases represents a 2% increase from the 1,687 cases reported for 2012. Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale were identified in 61%, 14%, 3%, and 4% of cases, respectively. Forty (2%) patients were infected by two species. The infecting species was unreported or undetermined in 17% of cases. Polymerase chain reaction testing determined or corrected the species for 85 of the 137 (62%) samples evaluated for drug resistance marker testing. Of the 904 patients who reported purpose of travel, 635 (70%) were visiting friends or relatives (VFR). Among the 961 cases in U.S. civilians for whom information on chemoprophylaxis use and travel region was known, 42 (4%) patients reported that they had initiated and adhered to a chemoprophylaxis drug regimen recommended by CDC for the regions to which they had traveled. Thirty-six cases were reported in pregnant women, none of whom had adhered to chemoprophylaxis. Among all reported cases, approximately 270 (16%) were classified as severe illnesses in 2013. Of these, 10 persons with malaria died in 2013, the highest number since 2001. In 2013, a total of 137 blood samples submitted to CDC were tested for molecular markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance. Of the 100 P. falciparum-positive samples, 95 were tested for pyrimethamine resistance: 88 (93%) had genetic polymor...

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Malaria in Travelers: A Review of the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network

Abstract: We have used a global database to identify patient and travel characteristics associated with malaria acquisition and characterized differences in patient type, destinations visited, travel duration, and malaria species acquired.

Cited by 219 publications

References 15 publications

Acute and Potentially Life-Threatening Tropical Diseases in Western Travelers—A GeoSentinel Multicenter Study, 1996–2011

Acute and Potentially Life-Threatening Tropical Diseases in Western Travelers—A GeoSentinel Multicenter Study, 1996–2011

Seasonality, Annual Trends, and Characteristics of Dengue among Ill Returned Travelers, 1997–2006

Malaria Surveillance — United States, 2013

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